2026-07-23T17:36:28-05:00 2025-12-31 860683059 BEACHFLEISCHMAN PLLC 1985 E RIVER ROAD SUITE 201 TUCSON AZ 85718 990 2025-01-01 860098918 LOWELL OBSERVATORY LOWE 9287743358 1400 W MARS HILL ROAD FLAGSTAFF AZ 860014470 ANNE LABRUZZO CFO 9287743358 2026-07-21 1 MONICA A VERA CPA P01456278 5203214600 2026-07-21 2025 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z AMANDA BOSH 1400 W MARS HILL ROAD FLAGSTAFF AZ 860014470 20183964 0 X WWW.LOWELL.EDU X 1946 AZ LOWELL'S MISSION IS TO PURSUE THE STUDY OF ASTRONOMY, CONDUCT RESEARCH, AND BRING ASTRONOMICAL EDUCATION TO THE PUBLIC. 1 0 183 91 0 0 7331293 12790757 3967818 5821022 86613 110653 560644 834878 11946368 19557310 175151 218400 0 0 11647319 11988836 0 0 1676946 7660436 10027876 19482906 22235112 -7536538 -2677802 102618903 97935622 53834242 52046643 48784661 45888979 X THE MISSION OF LOWELL OBSERVATORY IS TO PURSUE THE STUDY OF ASTRONOMY, ESPECIALLY THE STUDY OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION; TO CONDUCT PURE RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA; AND TO MAINTAIN QUALITY PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH PROGRAMS TO BRING THE RESULTS OF ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH TO THE PUBLIC. 0 0 9774402 218400 1769095 CONTINUING A MORE THAN 130-YEAR-LONG LEGACY OF ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERY, LOWELL OBSERVATORY ASTRONOMERS, PLANETARY SCIENTISTS, AND OTHER RESEARCHERS CONDUCTED FOREFRONT RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS OF ASTRONOMY FROM THE SUN AND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM TO EXOPLANETS, STARS, GALAXIES, AND COSMOLOGY. IN 2025, LOWELL SCIENTISTS PUBLISHED OVER 125 PEER-REVIEWED SCHOLARLY ARTICLES IN LEADING SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS, ALONG WITH ANOTHER 40+ ARTICLES IN OTHER VENUES. LOWELL SCIENTISTS ALSO GAVE NUMEROUS PRESENTATIONS AT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND PUBLIC OUTREACH EVENTS AND PARTICIPATED IN MAJOR SCIENTIFIC MISSIONS USING WORLD-LEADING TELESCOPES ACROSS THE GLOBE AND IN SPACE. LOWELL SCIENTIFIC STAFF CONTINUE TO BE VERY SUCCESSFUL AT OBTAINING GRANTS IN SUPPORT OF THEIR RESEARCH FROM NASA, THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, AND OTHER AGENCIES.THE 4.3-METER LOWELL DISCOVERY TELESCOPE (LDT) DELIVERED APPROXIMATELY 260 SCIENCE NIGHTS USED BY ASTRONOMERS ON THE STAFF AT LOWELL, AND OUR PARTNER INSTITUTIONS: BOSTON UNIVERSITY, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, YALE UNIVERSITY, AND OTHERS. IN TOTAL, THE LDT FEATURED PROMINENTLY IN NEARLY 50 SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS. THE LDT'S GROWING SUITE OF STATE-OF-THE-ART INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS THE HIGH-PRECISION SPECTROGRAPH EXPRES, ENABLE CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH ACROSS MULTIPLE FIELDS, INCLUDING THE SEARCH FOR EXOPLANETS. LOWELL OBSERVATORY ALSO CONTINUED TO OPERATE OTHER SMALLER RESEARCH TELESCOPES AT ITS ANDERSON MESA AND MARS HILL SITES; AT THE MESA THEY ARE OPERATING A MODERN 1-METER TELESCOPE EQUIPPED WITH BOTH IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPIC CAPABILITIES. ACCESS TO LOCAL TELESCOPES EQUIPPED WITH WORLD-CLASS INSTRUMENTS HAS ENABLED SCIENCE THAT COULD NOT BE DONE ELSEWHERE. IN 2025, LOWELL OBSERVATORY CONTINUED TO ADVANCE ITS SCIENCE VISION, A LONG-TERM PLAN TO ENHANCE ITS OBSERVATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE. THIS STRATEGIC INITIATIVE OUTLINES MAJOR NEW GOALS, INCLUDING SIGNIFICANT UPGRADES TO THE LDT, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT-GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION, NEW PATHWAYS FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY, AND EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF ASTRONOMERS AND ENGINEERS. IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS CONTINUED IN 2025, INCLUDING SUPPORTING ITS CADRE OF EARLY CAREER SCIENTISTS (ESPECIALLY THE PERCIVAL LOWELL POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS), BRINGING NEW LDT OBSERVING CAPABILITIES ONLINE, AND ADVANCING THE DESIGN FOR SEVERAL FUTURE SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS.LOWELL OBSERVATORY REMAINS COMMITTED TO PIONEERING RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, AND SHARING DISCOVERY WITH THE BROADER COMMUNITY. 8530888 4817500 IN 2025, LOWELL OBSERVATORY'S PUBLIC PROGRAMS SUCCESSFULLY TRANSITIONED FROM A PERIOD OF MAJOR CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION TO FULL-SCALE OPERATION OF THE MARLEY FOUNDATION ASTRONOMY DISCOVERY CENTER (ADC). THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE FOR THIS PERIOD WAS TO LEVERAGE OUR EXPANDED CAPACITY TO INCREASE ENGAGEMENT IN ASTRONOMY AND TO PROVIDE IMMERSIVE, NARRATIVE-DRIVEN EXPERIENCES THAT CONNECT VISITORS WITH THE OBSERVATORY'S ONGOING RESEARCH AND THEIR INNATE CURIOSITY ABOUT THE COSMOS. THE LONG-TERM GOAL REMAINS TO INSPIRE CURIOSITY AND PROVIDE WORLD-CLASS STEM EDUCATION TO A GLOBAL AUDIENCE WHILE PRESERVING FLAGSTAFF'S HERITAGE AS THE WORLD'S FIRST INTERNATIONAL DARK SKY CITY.LOWELL OBSERVATORY WELCOMED AN ESTIMATED 141,000 VISITORS IN 2025. THE QUALITY OF THE GUEST EXPERIENCE WAS RECOGNIZED NATIONALLY, WITH THE OBSERVATORY BEING NAMED ONE OF TIME MAGAZINE'S "WORLD'S GREATEST PLACES AND NEWSWEEK'S "BEST SCIENCE MUSEUM IN THE U.S." FOR 2025.2025 MARKED THE INAUGURAL FULL YEAR OF PROGRAMMING IN THE 40,200-SQUARE-FOOT FACILITY. THE LOWELL UNIVERSE THEATER, FEATURING ITS 160-DEGREE LED WRAP-AROUND SCREEN, HOSTED AN ESTIMATED 1,200 LIVE PRESENTATIONS. THE DARK SKY PLANETARIUM, A UNIQUE OPEN-AIR ROOFTOP VENUE, PROVIDED NIGHTLY GUIDED TOURS OF THE COSMOS TO OVER AN ESTIMATED 90,000 GUESTS, UTILIZING FLAGSTAFF'S PREMIER NIGHT SKY.EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMING REACHED RECORD LEVELS IN 2025. AN ESTIMATED 11,000 SCHOOLCHILDREN PARTICIPATED IN ON-SITE FIELD TRIPS AND SPECIALIZED, CURRICULUM-BASED TOURS. THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY ORBITS CURIOSITY CAMPS EXPANDED TO MEET HIGH DEMAND, SERVING OVER AN ESTIMATED 300 CHILDREN, WHILE THE NATIVE AMERICAN ASTRONOMY OUTREACH PROGRAM CONTINUED ITS MISSION BY CONNECTING SCHOOLS ACROSS THE NAVAJO AND HOPI NATIONS. 18305290 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 43 0 1 183 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 X X ANNE LABRUZZO 9282333239 1400 W MARS HILL ROAD FLAGSTAFF AZ 860014470 AMANDA BOSH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/COO 40.00 X 206898 0 34206 LESLIE CURRIE CHIEF PHILANTHROPY OFFICER 38.00 2.00 X 190704 0 25367 STEPHEN LEVINE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION 40.00 X 184546 0 22017 ANNE LABRUZZO CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 36.00 4.00 X 182124 0 23148 DEIDRE HUNTER ASTRONOMER 40.00 X 176393 0 24532 KYLER KUEHN DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY + DIRECTOR OF SCIENCE 40.00 X 162332 0 36799 PHILIP MASSEY ASTRONOMER 40.00 X 181664 0 17420 MICHAEL WEST ASTRONOMER 40.00 X 177551 0 11770 WILLIAM GRUNDY ASTRONOMER 40.00 X 152491 0 33681 LISA A PRATO ASTRONOMER 40.00 X 157275 0 21549 CODY HALF-MOON CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER 40.00 X 160105 0 16637 LOWELL PUTNAM TRUSTEE 30.00 4.00 X X 12 0 21057 1932095 0 288183 30 0 1 0 BUILDING & ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS SOUTH PO BOX 30458 FLAGSTAFF AZ 86003 CONSTRUCTION 1812722 BBI ENGINEERING INC 241 QUINT STREET SAN FRANCISCO CA 94124 EXHIBIT DESIGN & FABRICATION 490591 ISEC INC 828 E ISABELLA AVENUE MESA AZ 85204 EXHIBIT DESIGN & FABRICATION 176757 ARIZONA RESTAURANT SUPPLY INC 6077 N TRAVEL CENTER DRIVE TUCSON AZ 85741 EXHIBIT DESIGN & FABRICATION 109341 LAW OFFICE OF TONY S CULLUM PLLC 14 E DALE AVENUE FLAGSTAFF AZ 86001 LEGAL 105695 8 712184 5809765 1683667 4585141 66724 12790757 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS 611600 4135460 4135460 TELESCOPE ACCESS FEES 541700 1685562 1685562 5821022 25716 25716 235358 166053 69305 69305 69305 86865 1928 84937 84937 84937 1140713 458673 682040 682040 MISCELLANEOUS INCOME 900099 83533 83533 83533 19557310 6586595 0 179958 218400 218400 1265955 582857 462624 220474 8664812 7454774 501609 708429 393113 335076 26383 31654 771011 640746 65804 64461 893945 719289 91948 82708 153962 235 153727 73950 73950 57 57 414247 270421 86513 57313 485602 198085 251679 35838 895817 704895 21022 169900 412134 137055 151646 123433 866117 715176 88067 62874 227013 166146 24988 35879 147066 130041 15997 1028 1028181 995947 32234 3920892 3801661 65751 53480 921757 909832 8531 3394 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE 234026 227457 6236 333 DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 94808 40445 46464 7899 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMEN 88618 17858 68311 2449 EE RECRUITMENT AND RELO 41428 33289 8139 22201 5605 1196 15400 22235112 18305290 2252876 1676946 844868 256765 132940 1513671 11034634 9285637 159395 108550 128622 221204 580418 429247 121264218 35708518 89125030 85555700 20539 0 592457 564848 102618903 97935622 3909128 696088 6981215 6382367 12004059 15038066 30939840 29930122 53834242 52046643 X 46101630 42756963 2683031 3132016 48784661 45888979 102618903 97935622 -2677802 -217880 0 X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 16708119 12847808 18265662 7331293 12790757 67943639 124000 125000 126000 127000 128000 630000 16832119 12972808 18391662 7458293 12918757 68573639 11973751 56599888 14004 43412 176873 20475 261074 515838 69089477 30309945 0.81920 0.78360 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 518303 X 0 14981757 555311 844936 5511530 129493 10740981 13736083 671148 1036207 461681 14981757 9340302 3530000 1240187 330214 44192 13736083 10508109 604748 -1425624 294403 52528 9340302 8732599 866064 1221110 259809 51855 10508109 0.01305 0.98695 0 1 1 445917 445917 63569304 10465505 53103799 13354160 3862980 9491180 42948900 20813246 22135654 945937 566787 379150 85555700 DUE TO PERCIVAL LOWELL TRUST UW 26897620 DUE TO LOWELL OBSERVATORY FOUNDATION 2961292 OBLIGATION UNDER INTEREST SWAP 28580 OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY 42630 29930122 X PART V, LINE 4: THE ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE USED FOR SUPPORT OF LOWELL OBSERVATORY AND FOR REINVESTMENT. ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE HELD BY LOWELL OBSERVATORY FOUNDATION. PRIOR YEARS WERE RESTATED TO REFLECT THAT NET ASSETS RELATED TO THE PERCIVAL LOWELL TRUST UW ARE NOT SUBJECT TO RESTRICTION. PART X, LINE 2: THE FOLLOWING DISCLOSURE IS RELATED TO THE COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY, TRUST U/W OF PERCIVAL LOWELL, AND THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY FOUNDATION: THE OBSERVATORY, THE FOUNDATION, AND THE TRUST ARE EXEMPT FROM INCOME TAXES UNDER BOTH INTERNAL REVENUE CODE (IRC) SECTION 501(C)(3) AND ARIZONA INCOME TAX LAWS. THE OBSERVATORY IS CLASSIFIED AS OTHER THAN A PRIVATE FOUNDATION UNDER IRC SECTION 509(A)(1). THE FOUNDATION AND THE TRUST ARE EACH CLASSIFIED AS OTHER THAN A PRIVATE FOUNDATION UNDER IRC SECTION 509(A)(3) AS A SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION OF THE OBSERVATORY. INCOME FROM CERTAIN ACTIVITIES NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE ORGANIZATION'S TAX-EXEMPT PURPOSE, HOWEVER, MAY BE SUBJECT TO TAXATION AS UNRELATED BUSINESS TAXABLE INCOME. FROM TIME TO TIME, THE ORGANIZATION MAY BE SUBJECT TO PENALTIES AND INTEREST ASSESSED BY VARIOUS TAXING AUTHORITIES, WHICH ARE CLASSIFIED AS GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES IF THEY OCCUR. 1 NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY PO BOX 4080 FLAGSTAFF AZ 86011 742579628 STATE OF ARIZONA 111531 0 NASA GRANT - SUBAWARD COLLABORATION RESEARCH PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE 1700 E FORT LOWELL ROAD SUITE 106 TUCSON AZ 85719 330175263 501(C)(3) 67405 0 NASA GRANT - SUBAWARD COLLABORATION RESEARCH SETI INSTITUTE 339 BERNARDO AVENUE SUITE 200 MOUNTAIN VIEW CA 94043 942951356 501(C)(3) 24465 0 NASA GRANT - SUBAWARD COLLABORATION RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND - COLLEGE PARK 4101 CHESAPEAKE BUILDING 4300 TERRAPIN TRAIL COLLEGE PARK MD 20742 526002033 STATE OF MARYLAND 14999 0 NASA GRANT - SUBAWARD COLLABORATION RESEARCH 4 0 PART I, LINE 2: ALL GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE MAJOR UNIVERSITIES OR RESEARCH INSTITUTES, WITH SOPHISTICATED SYSTEMS FOR ADMINISTERING GRANTS. OBSERVATORY GRANTS TO THE RECIPIENTS ARE PAID ON A COST REIMBURSEMENT BASIS. THE OBSERVATORY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR UNDER EACH AWARD CLOSELY COORDINATES RESEARCH EFFORTS WITH THE INSTITUTIONS RECEIVING THE SUBAWARD AND REVIEWS EACH INVOICE SUBMITTED BY THE RECIPIENTS PRIOR TO PAYMENT. X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AMANDA BOSH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/COO 206898 0 0 0 0 0 10755 0 23451 0 241104 0 0 0 LESLIE CURRIE CHIEF PHILANTHROPY OFFICER 190704 0 0 0 0 0 9674 0 15693 0 216071 0 0 0 STEPHEN LEVINE DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION 184546 0 0 0 0 0 9315 0 12702 0 206563 0 0 0 ANNE LABRUZZO CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 182124 0 0 0 0 0 9239 0 13909 0 205272 0 0 0 DEIDRE HUNTER ASTRONOMER 176393 0 0 0 0 0 8845 0 15687 0 200925 0 0 0 KYLER KUEHN DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY + DIRECTOR OF 162332 0 0 0 0 0 8701 0 28098 0 199131 0 0 0 PHILIP MASSEY ASTRONOMER 181664 0 0 0 0 0 8941 0 8479 0 199084 0 0 0 MICHAEL WEST ASTRONOMER 177551 0 0 0 0 0 8845 0 2925 0 189321 0 0 0 WILLIAM GRUNDY ASTRONOMER 152491 0 0 0 0 0 8190 0 25491 0 186172 0 0 0 LISA A PRATO ASTRONOMER 157275 0 0 0 0 0 8019 0 13530 0 178824 0 0 0 CODY HALF-MOON CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER 160105 0 0 0 0 0 8000 0 8637 0 176742 0 0 0 X 8 65285 TRANSACTION VALUE X SUPPLIES 3 1439 FMV 0 1 1 PART I, COLUMN (B): THE AMOUNT IN COLUMN B REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS MADE. PART I, LINE 32B: PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES ARE DEPOSITED INTO AN INVESTMENT ACCOUNT OWNED BY THE OBSERVATORY. THE SECURITIES ARE SOLD BY A BROKER SHORTLY AFTER. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE FORM 990 DRAFT WILL BE FIRST REVIEWED BY THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER (CFO) FOR ACCURACY. ONCE IT HAS BEEN DEEMED ACCURATE BY THE CFO, IT WILL BE FORWARDED TO THE SOLE TRUSTEE, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR THEIR REVIEW AND COMMENTS. AFTER ANY QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS HAVE BEEN ADDRESSED, THE 990 WILL BE APPROVED AND A FINAL COPY WILL BE SIGNED AND FILED BY THE CFO. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE ORGANIZATION CONDUCTS WEEKLY REVIEWS OF PAYABLES INCLUDING POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND FOLLOW-UP OCCURS TO ENFORCE COMPLIANCE WITH THE COMPANY POLICY. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A COMPENSATION OF THE DIRECTOR FOR LOWELL OBSERVATORY IS DETERMINED BY THE SOLE TRUSTEE OF THE CORPORATION AFTER REVIEW OF INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER AND MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY BOARD AND LOWELL OBSERVATORY FOUNDATION WHO HAVE EXPERIENCE IN THE RESEARCH INDUSTRY OR COMPENSATION AT NON-PROFITS. THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER REVIEWS THE TOTAL COMPENSATION OF THE DIRECTOR IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATIONS/GUIDELINES ESTABLISHED BY THE IRS AND INDUSTRY BEST PRACTICES. DATA REGARDING SALARIES OF OTHER DIRECTORS (CEOS) AT ORGANIZATIONS OF SIMILAR SIZE, INCLUDING BOTH NON-PROFIT AND FOR-PROFIT COMPANIES IS ALSO REVIEWED. THE SOLE TRUSTEE, WITH ADVICE FROM THE ADVISORY BOARD, ALSO ESTABLISHES GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR THE DIRECTOR AND EVALUATES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DIRECTOR BASED ON THE PRIOR YEAR'S GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 WHEN REQUESTED, DOCUMENTS REGARDING THE OBSERVATORY ARE PROVIDED BY THE BUSINESS OFFICE. THE 990 AND AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY WEBSITE. THE 990 IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON GUIDESTAR AND CHARITY NAVIGATOR. PERCIVAL LOWELL TRUST UW 1400 W MARS HILL ROAD FLAGSTAFF AZ 86001 042007327 TRUST F/B/O LOWELL OBSERVATORY AZ 501(C)(3) LINE 12B, II LOWELL OBSERVATORY 1 LOWELL OBSERVATORY FOUNDATION 1400 W MARS HILL ROAD FLAGSTAFF AZ 86001 472052113 FOUNDATION F/B/O LOWELL OBSERVATORY AZ 501(C)(3) LINE 12B, II N/A 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 PERCIVAL LOWELL TRUST UW E 26897620 END OF YEAR BALANCE PERCIVAL LOWELL TRUST UW C 298235 CASH TRANSFERRED