2025-07-11T13:12:25-05:00 2024-09-30 582487348 Aprio Advisory Group LLC 111 Rockville Pike Suite 600 Rockville MD 20850 990 2023-10-01 530220900 Resources for the Future Inc RESO 2023285000 1616 P Street NW Washington DC 20036 Carolyn Mollen VP, Finance & Administration 2023285000 2025-07-07 1 1 Stacy Cullen P00974308 3012316200 2025-07-07 2023 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z William Pizer 1616 P Street NW Washington DC 20036 21502727 0 X www.rff.org X 1952 DC To improve environmental, energy, and natural resource decisions through impartial economic research and policy engagement. 24 24 93 24 0 0 13753644 14454636 0 0 360447 2686248 -377097 -265669 13736994 16875215 115000 162000 0 0 11573131 12740003 0 0 1488669 5548655 5174581 17236786 18076584 -3499792 -1201369 81861351 85903959 24130368 23688162 57730983 62215797 RFF's mission is to improve environmental, energy, and natural resource decisions through impartial economic research and policy engagement. 0 0 6160391 162000 Confronting risks and building resilience: RFF evaluates the physical and economic impacts of climate change, using data to assess risks and uncertainties at global, national, sectoral, and local scales, to ensure that global decision makers are equipped with the information they need to build resilience in their communities. 5779984 Designing smart emissions reduction strategies: RFF creates climate solutions that are effective, efficient, equitable, beneficial to the economy, and able to achieve net-zero emissions goals-from economy-wide solutions that send consistent economic signals to the marketplace to sector-specific strategies for all major areas of the economy. 1473934 Communications: dissemination of research results in the form of research publications, resources magazine, resources radio, the RFF website, video, and other methods. Communications activities advance RFF's reputation for independent research and nonpartisanship while informing and shaping public debate. Research publications disseminated include working papers, reports, issue briefs, data tools, and research findings in peer-reviewed journals. 13414309 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 56 0 1 93 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NJ NY DC X X Jessica Roper 2023285000 1616 P Street NW Washington DC 20036 Susan F Tierney Chair of the Board 1.00 X 0 0 0 Robert N Stavins Vice Chair of the Board 1.00 X 0 0 0 Peter Kagan Chair, Investment Cmte. 1.00 X 0 0 0 Kyung-Ah Park Chair, Audit & Compliance Cmte. 1.00 X 0 0 0 W Bowman Cutter Chair Emeriti 1.00 X 0 0 0 Richard Schmalensee Chair Emeriti 1.00 X 0 0 0 Vicky A Bailey Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Jay Bartlett Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Janet Clark Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 James Connaughton Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 H Russell Frisby Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Jonathan Garfinkel Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Paula Glover Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Glenn Hubbard Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Barbara Kates-Garnick Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Jeff Luse Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Mary Landrieu Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 William Pate Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Hilda Pinnix-Ragland Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Jonathan Silver Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Christopher Smith Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Ramya Swaminathan Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Laura Taylor Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Catherine Wolfram Board Director 1.00 X 0 0 0 Richard G Newell President & CEO (OCT-APR) 35.00 X X 431901 0 64118 William Pizer President & CEO (MAY-SEPT) 35.00 X X 384790 0 70407 Thomas Wrenn Chief of Staff 35.00 X 170801 0 18819 Carolyn Mollen VP, Fin. & Admin. 35.00 X 281550 0 51307 Kristina Gawrgy VP, Communications 35.00 X 226850 0 35944 Shannon Wulf Tregar VP, Dev. & Inst. Strategy 35.00 X 263137 0 38394 Alan Krupnick Senior Fellow 35.00 X 299851 0 59962 Karen Palmer Senior Fellow 35.00 X 263602 0 63783 James Boyd Senior Fellow 35.00 X 268370 0 44947 Dennis Burtraw Senior Fellow 35.00 X 251710 0 58269 Margaret Walls Senior Fellow 35.00 X 257727 0 42976 3100289 0 548926 38 0 1 0 Vault Consulting LLC 8401 Greensboro Dr Ste 500 McLean VA 22102 Accounting & HR Services 503959 Russell Reynolds Associates 277 Park Avenue Suite 3800 New York NY 10172 Consulting 159943 David Wear 1201 Huntsman Dr Durham NC 27713 Research Consultant 143775 3 1285127 13169509 14454636 877477 877477 1372138 1637807 -265669 -265669 -265669 4798476 2989705 1808771 1808771 1808771 16875215 0 0 2420579 162000 162000 2024661 1335811 413337 275513 7844927 6811353 264497 769077 1064626 557421 429825 77380 1173238 633644 454778 84816 632551 342887 238459 51205 340873 69827 268578 2468 47443 5700 41743 655290 264080 391210 195119 195119 227719 162020 50098 15601 281699 160804 81112 39783 436490 325868 71983 38639 775006 692063 82943 125244 89423 24760 11061 515281 327227 147871 40183 156013 110896 45117 59546 59546 Consultants 878094 822975 55119 Subcontracts 480545 480545 Other Expenses 219 219 18076584 13414309 3173606 1488669 1071388 369893 2458240 3855118 15700 267884 187933 29628560 9763727 20241483 19864833 53151670 53911813 791281 4502929 3879405 3195740 81861351 85903959 2330918 2531996 414227 254449 21052294 20529945 332929 371772 24130368 23688162 X 45485670 47497289 12245313 14718508 57730983 62215797 81861351 85903959 X -1201369 6255242 -569059 X X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 12561899 12769728 10356120 13753644 14454636 63896027 12561899 12769728 10356120 13753644 14454636 63896027 7092891 56803136 1727162 2444661 2318602 2078619 2249615 10818659 74714686 0.76030 0.76360 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 2 0 29000 128640 1 1 7506508 1219536 325010 8401034 7142759 688759 325010 7506508 8224796 -757027 325010 7142759 7469441 1080365 325010 8224796 7322210 472241 325010 7469441 0.00000 0.77000 0.23000 0 0 12981367 12981367 13098683 6468010 6630673 1502198 1488997 13201 2046312 1806720 239592 19864833 Fixed income corporate and governmental 4453302 F Private placement 49627 F 4502929 Liabilities under split-interest agreements 286623 Funds held for others 85149 371772 X 24004086 6255242 1068748 7323990 16680096 195119 195119 16875215 19519272 1637807 1637807 17881465 195119 195119 18076584 Part V, Line 4: Endowment funds are used to support various activities and projects as designated by the Board of Directors and applicable laws and are subject to donor intent. Part X, Line 2: RFF evaluates uncertainty in income tax positions based on a more-likely-than-not recognition standard. If that threshold is met, the tax position is then measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, there are no accruals for uncertain tax positions. If applicable, RFF records interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense. Tax years from 2021 through the current year remain open for examination by tax authorities. Part XI, Line 2d - Other Adjustments: Unrealized loss on interest rate swap -569,059. 1616 P Street operations and maintenance 1,637,807. Part XII, Line 2d - Other Adjustments: 1616 P Street operations and maintenance 1,637,807. Form 990, Schedule D, Part V: The Organization discovered an inadvertent error in the reporting of its endowment activities from prior years. The Organization has changed the prior year presentation of the endowment fund information so that it correlates with audited financial statement presentation. 0 Europe (including Iceland & Greenland) 0 1 Grantmaking Three topics critical to combat the risks posed by climate change. 1) Transparency under the Paris Agreement, since the implementation of the transparency mechanism will play an important role in future rounds of emission mitigation pledges. 2) The concern that some countries may take less ambitious mitigation efforts than others -and especially those that are economically important peers and trading partners -motivates the research, international trade and competitiveness. If countries fear that ambitious mitigation policies may impose costs on their domestic manufacturing industries, then they may may impose costs on their domestic manufacturing industries then they may be less likely to ramp up the ambition under the Paris Framework. 3) The failure to deliver sufficient emission mitigation to prevent warming consistent with the goals called for in the Paris Agreement then calls in to question the potential implementation of geoengineering interventions. 162000 0 1 0 0 0 1 162000 0 162000 Europe (including Iceland & Greenland) Research and develop policy for the consortium for climate-aligned trade. The consortium for climate-aligned trade is an emerging network of think tanks in G7 nations that have proven expertise in policies to align trade and climate goals, with a focus on accelerating decarbonization and just transitions in the industrial sector. 25000 Wire 0 Europe (including Iceland & Greenland) Research & collaboration on issues related to managing competitiveness risks on the path to net-zero emissions. 50000 Wire 0 Europe (including Iceland & Greenland) Conduct research using standard GTAP general equilibrium trade models to simulate various economic and environmental impacts associated with the implementation of three specific ghg border measures. 87000 Wire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Richard G Newell President & CEO (OCT-APR) 264078 0 118027 0 49796 0 52794 0 11324 0 496019 0 0 0 William Pizer President & CEO (MAY-SEPT) 369790 0 15000 0 0 0 59083 0 11324 0 455197 0 0 0 Alan Krupnick Senior Fellow 299851 0 0 0 0 0 59962 0 0 0 359813 0 0 0 Carolyn Mollen VP, Fin. & Admin. 266550 0 15000 0 0 0 39983 0 11324 0 332857 0 0 0 Karen Palmer Senior Fellow 263602 0 0 0 0 0 52720 0 11063 0 327385 0 0 0 James Boyd Senior Fellow 268370 0 0 0 0 0 40867 0 4080 0 313317 0 0 0 Dennis Burtraw Senior Fellow 251710 0 0 0 0 0 50342 0 7927 0 309979 0 0 0 Shannon Wulf Tregar VP, Dev. & Inst. Strategy 248137 0 15000 0 0 0 37374 0 1020 0 301531 0 0 0 Margaret Walls Senior Fellow 255227 0 2500 0 0 0 38896 0 4080 0 300703 0 0 0 Kristina Gawrgy VP, Communications 223750 0 3100 0 0 0 28937 0 7007 0 262794 0 0 0 Thomas Wrenn Chief of Staff 155801 0 15000 0 0 0 11075 0 7744 0 189620 0 0 0 Part I, Line 7 The organization provided its officers with bonus compensation during the year. X 3 363600 FMV 0 0 0 0 Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11b The Form 990 is reviewed by the Vice President of Finance & Administration and the President & CEO, and made available to the entire board prior to the submission to the IRS. Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c Annually, the board of directors is required to complete a conflict-of-interest disclosure form. Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15 RFF officer compensation will be set annually as follows: (a) the board decides the president's compensation, based on a recommendation from the executive committee; (b) the executive committee decides all other officers' compensation, based on a recommendation from the president. The intermediate sanctions rules require that all property transfers be at fair market value. Per IRS regulations, compensation is presumed a property transfer and is presumed to be at FMV if:(1) the compensation agreement or terms of the transfer are approved in advance, by an authorized body of the exempt organization, composed entirely of individuals without a conflict of interest; (2) the board or committee obtained and relied upon appropriate data as to comparability in making its determination; and (3) the board or committee adequately documented the basis for its determination, concurrently with making the decision. Referring the three criteria above in the RFF context: (1) salary agreements are approved in advance by the board or the executive committee and no interested parties are involved in setting them. (2) we subscribe to a number of surveys that look at nonprofit organizations and research organizations in Washington and nationwide. They provide good information and can be relied on to judge comparability. Periodically RFF will engage a compensation consultant to conduct an independent analysis. (3) we prepare minutes of all executive committee meetings which reflect salary decisions. Materials used by the committee to determine comparability goes into the personnel files for the individuals involved. Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19 RFF makes its governing documents available to the public upon request. RFF's financial statements and tax returns are posted on other non-profit websites that collect and post non-profit information. Form 990, Part XI, line 9: Unrealized loss on interest rate swap -569,059. Form 990, Part XII, Line 2c: No changes from prior year.