﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Return xmlns="http://www.irs.gov/efile" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.irs.gov/efile" returnVersion="2023v6.0">
  <ReturnHeader binaryAttachmentCnt="0">
    <ReturnTs>2025-04-24T09:21:53-05:00</ReturnTs>
    <TaxPeriodEndDt>2024-06-30</TaxPeriodEndDt>
    <PreparerFirmGrp>
      <PreparerFirmEIN>010523282</PreparerFirmEIN>
      <PreparerFirmName>
        <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Berry Dunn McNeil &amp; Parker LLC</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
      </PreparerFirmName>
      <PreparerUSAddress>
        <AddressLine1Txt>2211 Congress St</AddressLine1Txt>
        <CityNm>Portland</CityNm>
        <StateAbbreviationCd>ME</StateAbbreviationCd>
        <ZIPCd>04102</ZIPCd>
      </PreparerUSAddress>
    </PreparerFirmGrp>
    <ReturnTypeCd>990</ReturnTypeCd>
    <TaxPeriodBeginDt>2023-07-01</TaxPeriodBeginDt>
    <Filer>
      <EIN>161056814</EIN>
      <BusinessName>
        <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        <BusinessNameLine2Txt>Foundation Inc</BusinessNameLine2Txt>
      </BusinessName>
      <BusinessNameControlTxt>FRON</BusinessNameControlTxt>
      <PhoneNum>6176322000</PhoneNum>
      <USAddress>
        <AddressLine1Txt>4033 Maple Road</AddressLine1Txt>
        <CityNm>Amherst</CityNm>
        <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
        <ZIPCd>14226</ZIPCd>
      </USAddress>
    </Filer>
    <BusinessOfficerGrp>
      <PersonNm>Diana Sabra</PersonNm>
      <PersonTitleTxt>CFO</PersonTitleTxt>
      <PhoneNum>6176322000</PhoneNum>
      <SignatureDt>2025-04-22</SignatureDt>
      <DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd>1</DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd>
    </BusinessOfficerGrp>
    <IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd>1</IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd>
    <PreparerPersonGrp>
      <PreparerPersonNm>Melissa Magoon CPA</PreparerPersonNm>
      <PTIN>P01712842</PTIN>
      <PhoneNum>2077752387</PhoneNum>
      <PreparationDt>2025-04-22</PreparationDt>
    </PreparerPersonGrp>
    <TaxYr>2023</TaxYr>
    <BuildTS>2025-03-06 01:10:19Z</BuildTS>
  </ReturnHeader>
  <ReturnData documentCnt="8">
    <IRS990 documentId="RetDoc1038000001" referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1044400001">
      <DoingBusinessAsName>
        <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science Foundation</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
      </DoingBusinessAsName>
      <PrincipalOfficerNm>Suzanne Siminski</PrincipalOfficerNm>
      <USAddress>
        <AddressLine1Txt>4033 Maple Road</AddressLine1Txt>
        <CityNm>Amherst</CityNm>
        <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
        <ZIPCd>14226</ZIPCd>
      </USAddress>
      <GrossReceiptsAmt>30998875</GrossReceiptsAmt>
      <GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd>0</GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd>
      <Organization501c3Ind>X</Organization501c3Ind>
      <WebsiteAddressTxt>www.frontierscience.org</WebsiteAddressTxt>
      <TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd>X</TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd>
      <FormationYr>1975</FormationYr>
      <LegalDomicileStateCd>NY</LegalDomicileStateCd>
      <ActivityOrMissionDesc>Refer to Schedule O Our mission at Frontier Science is to collaborate with investigators and sponsors to conduct scientifically meaningful high-quality clinical trials, while advancing the application of statistical science and practice and data management techniques in science, health care and education.</ActivityOrMissionDesc>
      <VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt>13</VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt>
      <VotingMembersIndependentCnt>9</VotingMembersIndependentCnt>
      <TotalEmployeeCnt>282</TotalEmployeeCnt>
      <TotalVolunteersCnt>9</TotalVolunteersCnt>
      <TotalGrossUBIAmt>0</TotalGrossUBIAmt>
      <NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt>0</NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt>
      <PYContributionsGrantsAmt>23558378</PYContributionsGrantsAmt>
      <CYContributionsGrantsAmt>24999289</CYContributionsGrantsAmt>
      <PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>5539651</PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>
      <CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>5861434</CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>
      <PYInvestmentIncomeAmt>122193</PYInvestmentIncomeAmt>
      <CYInvestmentIncomeAmt>138152</CYInvestmentIncomeAmt>
      <PYOtherRevenueAmt>0</PYOtherRevenueAmt>
      <CYOtherRevenueAmt>0</CYOtherRevenueAmt>
      <PYTotalRevenueAmt>29220222</PYTotalRevenueAmt>
      <CYTotalRevenueAmt>30998875</CYTotalRevenueAmt>
      <PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>98703</PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>
      <CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>31405</CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>
      <PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt>0</PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt>
      <CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt>0</CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt>
      <PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>23130139</PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>
      <CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>25251335</CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>
      <PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt>0</PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt>
      <CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt>0</CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt>
      <CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt>0</CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt>
      <PYOtherExpensesAmt>5921724</PYOtherExpensesAmt>
      <CYOtherExpensesAmt>6076947</CYOtherExpensesAmt>
      <PYTotalExpensesAmt>29150566</PYTotalExpensesAmt>
      <CYTotalExpensesAmt>31359687</CYTotalExpensesAmt>
      <PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>69656</PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>
      <CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>-360812</CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>
      <TotalAssetsBOYAmt>18543200</TotalAssetsBOYAmt>
      <TotalAssetsEOYAmt>17980932</TotalAssetsEOYAmt>
      <TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt>5512903</TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt>
      <TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt>5201913</TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt>
      <NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt>13030297</NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt>
      <NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt>12779019</NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt>
      <MissionDesc>Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation, Inc. was incorporated in 1975 in New York, for the purpose of administering and performing research projects involving data management and statistical science.</MissionDesc>
      <SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd>0</SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd>
      <SignificantChangeInd>0</SignificantChangeInd>
      <ExpenseAmt>22944653</ExpenseAmt>
      <GrantAmt>31405</GrantAmt>
      <RevenueAmt>5861434</RevenueAmt>
      <Desc>A significant portion of Frontier Science's operations, which are substantially funded through U.S. Government grants, relates to ensuring high quality clinical trials through statistical, computing, and data management support.</Desc>
      <TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt>22944653</TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt>
      <DescribedInSection501c3Ind referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1039100001">1</DescribedInSection501c3Ind>
      <ScheduleBRequiredInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1234500001">1</ScheduleBRequiredInd>
      <PoliticalCampaignActyInd>0</PoliticalCampaignActyInd>
      <LobbyingActivitiesInd>0</LobbyingActivitiesInd>
      <SubjectToProxyTaxInd>0</SubjectToProxyTaxInd>
      <DonorAdvisedFundInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</DonorAdvisedFundInd>
      <ConservationEasementsInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</ConservationEasementsInd>
      <CollectionsOfArtInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</CollectionsOfArtInd>
      <CreditCounselingInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</CreditCounselingInd>
      <DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd>0</DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd>
      <ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">1</ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd>
      <ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd>
      <ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd>
      <ReportOtherAssetsInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</ReportOtherAssetsInd>
      <ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">1</ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd>
      <IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd>
      <IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">0</IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd>
      <ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1040000001">1</ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd>
      <SchoolOperatingInd>0</SchoolOperatingInd>
      <ForeignOfficeInd>0</ForeignOfficeInd>
      <ForeignActivitiesInd>0</ForeignActivitiesInd>
      <MoreThan5000KToOrgInd>0</MoreThan5000KToOrgInd>
      <MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd>0</MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd>
      <ProfessionalFundraisingInd>0</ProfessionalFundraisingInd>
      <FundraisingActivitiesInd>0</FundraisingActivitiesInd>
      <GamingActivitiesInd>0</GamingActivitiesInd>
      <OperateHospitalInd>0</OperateHospitalInd>
      <GrantsToOrganizationsInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1041900001">1</GrantsToOrganizationsInd>
      <GrantsToIndividualsInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1041900001">0</GrantsToIndividualsInd>
      <ScheduleJRequiredInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1042400001">1</ScheduleJRequiredInd>
      <TaxExemptBondsInd>0</TaxExemptBondsInd>
      <EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd>0</EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd>
      <PYExcessBenefitTransInd>0</PYExcessBenefitTransInd>
      <LoanOutstandingInd>0</LoanOutstandingInd>
      <GrantToRelatedPersonInd>0</GrantToRelatedPersonInd>
      <BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd>0</BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd>
      <BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd>0</BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd>
      <BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd>0</BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd>
      <DeductibleNonCashContriInd>0</DeductibleNonCashContriInd>
      <DeductibleArtContributionInd>0</DeductibleArtContributionInd>
      <TerminateOperationsInd>0</TerminateOperationsInd>
      <PartialLiquidationInd>0</PartialLiquidationInd>
      <DisregardedEntityInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1043400001">0</DisregardedEntityInd>
      <RelatedEntityInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1043400001">1</RelatedEntityInd>
      <RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd>1</RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd>
      <TransactionWithControlEntInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1043400001">1</TransactionWithControlEntInd>
      <TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1043400001">0</TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd>
      <ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd referenceDocumentId="RetDoc1043400001">0</ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd>
      <ScheduleORequiredInd>1</ScheduleORequiredInd>
      <IRPDocumentCnt>18</IRPDocumentCnt>
      <IRPDocumentW2GCnt>0</IRPDocumentW2GCnt>
      <BackupWthldComplianceInd>1</BackupWthldComplianceInd>
      <EmployeeCnt>282</EmployeeCnt>
      <EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd>1</EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd>
      <UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd>0</UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd>
      <ForeignFinancialAccountInd>0</ForeignFinancialAccountInd>
      <ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd>0</ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd>
      <TaxablePartyNotificationInd>0</TaxablePartyNotificationInd>
      <NondeductibleContributionsInd>0</NondeductibleContributionsInd>
      <QuidProQuoContributionsInd>0</QuidProQuoContributionsInd>
      <Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd>0</Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd>
      <RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>0</RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>
      <PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>0</PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>
      <IndoorTanningServicesInd>0</IndoorTanningServicesInd>
      <SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd>0</SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd>
      <SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd>0</SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd>
      <InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd>X</InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd>
      <GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt>13</GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt>
      <IndependentVotingMemberCnt>9</IndependentVotingMemberCnt>
      <FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd>0</FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd>
      <DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd>0</DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd>
      <ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd>0</ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd>
      <MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd>0</MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd>
      <MembersOrStockholdersInd>0</MembersOrStockholdersInd>
      <ElectionOfBoardMembersInd>0</ElectionOfBoardMembersInd>
      <DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd>0</DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd>
      <MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd>1</MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd>
      <MinutesOfCommitteesInd>1</MinutesOfCommitteesInd>
      <OfficerMailingAddressInd>0</OfficerMailingAddressInd>
      <LocalChaptersInd>1</LocalChaptersInd>
      <PoliciesReferenceChaptersInd>1</PoliciesReferenceChaptersInd>
      <Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd>1</Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd>
      <ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd>1</ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd>
      <AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd>1</AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd>
      <RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd>1</RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd>
      <WhistleblowerPolicyInd>1</WhistleblowerPolicyInd>
      <DocumentRetentionPolicyInd>1</DocumentRetentionPolicyInd>
      <CompensationProcessCEOInd>1</CompensationProcessCEOInd>
      <CompensationProcessOtherInd>1</CompensationProcessOtherInd>
      <InvestmentInJointVentureInd>0</InvestmentInJointVentureInd>
      <StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd>MA</StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd>
      <StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd>NY</StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd>
      <StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd>WI</StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd>
      <UponRequestInd>X</UponRequestInd>
      <BooksInCareOfDetail>
        <BusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Diana Sabra</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </BusinessName>
        <PhoneNum>6176322000</PhoneNum>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>1371 Beacon Street</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Brookline</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>MA</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>02446</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
      </BooksInCareOfDetail>
      <InfoInScheduleOPartVIIInd>X</InfoInScheduleOPartVIIInd>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Frank Rockhold ScM PhD</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Chair</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.25</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Gregory Pavlov</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Treasurer</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>5.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.25</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Scott Evans PhD</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Secretary</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Urania Dafni ScD</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member, Dir. of FSS - Hellas</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>David L DeMets PhD</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member, Statistical Consultant</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>8.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>54600</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Carla Falkson MBChB MMed</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Richard Gelber PhD</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Project Leader/Sr. Statistician</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>4.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.25</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>34164</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>2709</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Darren Gibson</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member, Managing Dir. FSS</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>141211</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>39347</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Vangelis Karkaletsis</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>David Legakos</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Matthew Mues</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Nuala McGrath BSc MSc ScD</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Eleanor McFadden MS</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Past Board Member</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>20.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>15923</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>1722</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Suzanne Siminski</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>President &amp; CEO</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>448775</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>29064</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Diana Sabra</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Chief Financial Officer</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>167750</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>23391</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Lisa Zdarsky</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Chief Operating Officer</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>183563</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>42619</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Marlene Cooper</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>DMC Director for ACTG &amp; IMPAACT</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <KeyEmployeeInd>X</KeyEmployeeInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>193178</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>25384</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Adel K Ahmed</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director of Software Engineering</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>X</HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>197374</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>40889</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Soyeon Kim</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Sr. Research Scientist</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>X</HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>184495</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>25142</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Jamie C Hoel</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director of Madison Office</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>X</HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>178649</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>35870</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Piotr Meszynski</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>IT Director</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>X</HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>170016</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>41375</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>David Gaston</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Systems Engineer, Senior</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>X</HighestCompensatedEmployeeInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>160778</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>13090</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt>1973342</TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
      <TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt>157134</TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt>
      <TotalOtherCompensationAmt>320602</TotalOtherCompensationAmt>
      <IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>35</IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>
      <FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd>0</FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd>
      <TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd>1</TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd>
      <CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd>0</CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Actian Corporation</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>330 Potero Avenue</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>Sunnyvale</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>CA</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>94085</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Professional Services &amp; Licenses</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>580000</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Medidata Solutions</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>194 Wood Ave S</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>Iselin</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>NJ</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>08830</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Professional Services &amp; Licenses</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>472933</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>MNJ</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>1025 E Bush Parkway</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>Buffalo Grove</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>IL</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>60089</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Professional Services &amp; Licenses</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>259752</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Veeva Systems Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>1375 Broadway</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>New York</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>10018</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Professional Services &amp; Licenses</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>177757</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Sales Force Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>415 Mission Street 3rd Floor</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>San Francisco</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>CA</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>94105</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Professional Services &amp; Licenses</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>118453</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>6</CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>
      <GovernmentGrantsAmt>24999289</GovernmentGrantsAmt>
      <TotalContributionsAmt>24999289</TotalContributionsAmt>
      <ProgramServiceRevenueGrp>
        <Desc>Pharmaceutical Firm Revenue</Desc>
        <BusinessCd>541700</BusinessCd>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>5759530</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>5759530</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
      </ProgramServiceRevenueGrp>
      <ProgramServiceRevenueGrp>
        <Desc>Other Revenue</Desc>
        <BusinessCd>541700</BusinessCd>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>101904</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>101904</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
      </ProgramServiceRevenueGrp>
      <TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt>5861434</TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt>
      <InvestmentIncomeGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>138152</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <ExclusionAmt>138152</ExclusionAmt>
      </InvestmentIncomeGrp>
      <TotalRevenueGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>30998875</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>5861434</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
        <UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt>0</UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt>
        <ExclusionAmt>138152</ExclusionAmt>
      </TotalRevenueGrp>
      <GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>31405</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>31405</ProgramServicesAmt>
      </GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp>
      <CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>1205197</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>950730</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>254467</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp>
      <OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>18422862</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>14533035</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>3889827</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp>
      <PensionPlanContributionsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>1275685</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>1006335</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>269350</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </PensionPlanContributionsGrp>
      <OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>2939534</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>2318877</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>620657</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp>
      <PayrollTaxesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>1408057</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>1110758</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>297299</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </PayrollTaxesGrp>
      <FeesForServicesLegalGrp>
        <TotalAmt>39688</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>39688</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </FeesForServicesLegalGrp>
      <FeesForServicesAccountingGrp>
        <TotalAmt>117700</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>117700</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </FeesForServicesAccountingGrp>
      <FeesForServicesOtherGrp>
        <TotalAmt>598635</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>332496</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>266139</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </FeesForServicesOtherGrp>
      <OfficeExpensesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>59302</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>16341</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>42961</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OfficeExpensesGrp>
      <InformationTechnologyGrp>
        <TotalAmt>3120177</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>2480758</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>639419</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </InformationTechnologyGrp>
      <OccupancyGrp>
        <TotalAmt>1135883</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>1135883</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OccupancyGrp>
      <TravelGrp>
        <TotalAmt>297091</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>159238</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>137853</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </TravelGrp>
      <ConferencesMeetingsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>47711</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>3665</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>44046</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </ConferencesMeetingsGrp>
      <InterestGrp>
        <TotalAmt>3130</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>3130</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </InterestGrp>
      <DepreciationDepletionGrp>
        <TotalAmt>195699</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>195699</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </DepreciationDepletionGrp>
      <InsuranceGrp>
        <TotalAmt>255312</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>255312</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </InsuranceGrp>
      <OtherExpensesGrp>
        <Desc>Other Expenses</Desc>
        <TotalAmt>178468</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>178468</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OtherExpensesGrp>
      <OtherExpensesGrp>
        <Desc>Other Program Expenses</Desc>
        <TotalAmt>28151</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>1015</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>27136</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OtherExpensesGrp>
      <TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>31359687</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>22944653</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>8415034</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>0</FundraisingAmt>
      </TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp>
      <InfoInScheduleOPartXInd>X</InfoInScheduleOPartXInd>
      <CashNonInterestBearingGrp>
        <BOYAmt>600</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>600</EOYAmt>
      </CashNonInterestBearingGrp>
      <SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1791091</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>2096196</EOYAmt>
      </SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp>
      <PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp>
        <BOYAmt>9961628</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>10647953</EOYAmt>
      </PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp>
      <PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp>
        <BOYAmt>984632</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1037015</EOYAmt>
      </PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp>
      <LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt>1752739</LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt>
      <LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt>1444205</LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt>
      <LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp>
        <BOYAmt>481830</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>308534</EOYAmt>
      </LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp>
      <InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp>
        <BOYAmt>3233299</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>2874658</EOYAmt>
      </InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp>
      <IntangibleAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>2090120</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1015976</EOYAmt>
      </IntangibleAssetsGrp>
      <TotalAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>18543200</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>17980932</EOYAmt>
      </TotalAssetsGrp>
      <AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp>
        <BOYAmt>2807012</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>3469750</EOYAmt>
      </AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp>
      <DeferredRevenueGrp>
        <BOYAmt>587119</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>687733</EOYAmt>
      </DeferredRevenueGrp>
      <OtherLiabilitiesGrp>
        <BOYAmt>2118772</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1044430</EOYAmt>
      </OtherLiabilitiesGrp>
      <TotalLiabilitiesGrp>
        <BOYAmt>5512903</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>5201913</EOYAmt>
      </TotalLiabilitiesGrp>
      <OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind>X</OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind>
      <NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>13030297</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>12779019</EOYAmt>
      </NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp>
      <TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
        <BOYAmt>13030297</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>12779019</EOYAmt>
      </TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
      <TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
        <BOYAmt>18543200</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>17980932</EOYAmt>
      </TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
      <ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt>-360812</ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt>
      <NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt>109534</NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt>
      <OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt>0</OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt>
      <MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>X</MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>
      <AccountantCompileOrReviewInd>0</AccountantCompileOrReviewInd>
      <FSAuditedInd>1</FSAuditedInd>
      <FSAuditedBasisGrp>
        <ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd>X</ConsolidatedBasisFinclStmtInd>
      </FSAuditedBasisGrp>
      <AuditCommitteeInd>1</AuditCommitteeInd>
      <FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd>1</FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd>
      <FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd>1</FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd>
    </IRS990>
    <IRS990ScheduleA documentId="RetDoc1039100001">
      <PublicOrganization170Ind>X</PublicOrganization170Ind>
      <GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>19258522</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>21426088</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>22278359</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>23558378</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>24999289</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>111520636</TotalAmt>
      </GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp>
      <TotalCalendarYear170Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>19258522</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>21426088</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>22278359</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>23558378</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>24999289</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>111520636</TotalAmt>
      </TotalCalendarYear170Grp>
      <PublicSupportTotal170Amt>111520636</PublicSupportTotal170Amt>
      <GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>65008</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>54302</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>40646</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>122193</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>138152</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>420301</TotalAmt>
      </GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp>
      <TotalSupportAmt>111940937</TotalSupportAmt>
      <GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt>34479787</GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt>
      <PublicSupportCY170Pct>0.99620</PublicSupportCY170Pct>
      <PublicSupportPY170Pct>0.99670</PublicSupportPY170Pct>
      <ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind>X</ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind>
    </IRS990ScheduleA>
    <IRS990ScheduleB documentId="RetDoc1234500001">
      <ContributorInformationGrp>
        <ContributorNum>RESTRICTED</ContributorNum>
        <ContributorBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>RESTRICTED</BusinessNameLine1>
        </ContributorBusinessName>
        <ContributorUSAddress>
          <AddressLine1>RESTRICTED</AddressLine1>
          <AddressLine2>RESTRICTED</AddressLine2>
          <City>RESTRICTED</City>
          <State>RESTRICTED</State>
          <ZIPCode>RESTRICTED</ZIPCode>
        </ContributorUSAddress>
        <TotalContributionsAmt>RESTRICTED</TotalContributionsAmt>
      </ContributorInformationGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleB>
    <IRS990ScheduleD documentId="RetDoc1040000001">
      <LeaseholdImprovementsGrp>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>431512</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>419381</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>12131</BookValueAmt>
      </LeaseholdImprovementsGrp>
      <EquipmentGrp>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>797008</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>535183</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>261825</BookValueAmt>
      </EquipmentGrp>
      <OtherLandBuildingsGrp>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>524219</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>489641</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>34578</BookValueAmt>
      </OtherLandBuildingsGrp>
      <TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>308534</TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>
      <OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
        <Desc>Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities</Desc>
        <Amt>1021067</Amt>
      </OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
      <OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
        <Desc>Resource Funds Held as Agent for Others</Desc>
        <Amt>23363</Amt>
      </OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
      <TotalLiabilityAmt>1044430</TotalLiabilityAmt>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="RetDoc1041900001">
      <GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>1</GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Institute of Mathematical Statistics</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>9760 Smith Rd</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Waite Hill</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>OH</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>44094</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>941317787</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501c(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>25000</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Donation to Emerging Women Leaders in Data Science Fund</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Society of Clinical Trials</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>85 W Algonquin Rd Suite 500</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Arlington Heights</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>IL</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>60005</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>521151889</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501c(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>6000</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Donation for Gold Sponsorship</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>2</Total501c3OrgCnt>
      <TotalOtherOrgCnt>0</TotalOtherOrgCnt>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Line 2:</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Organization only provides grants to other 501(c)(3) entities, additional monitoring is not deemed necessary.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="RetDoc1042400001">
      <CompensationCommitteeInd>X</CompensationCommitteeInd>
      <WrittenEmploymentContractInd>X</WrittenEmploymentContractInd>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>X</BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>
      <SeverancePaymentInd>0</SeverancePaymentInd>
      <SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>0</SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>
      <EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>0</EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>0</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>0</CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>0</CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>0</CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>
      <AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>0</AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>
      <InitialContractExceptionInd>0</InitialContractExceptionInd>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Suzanne Siminski</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>President &amp; CEO</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>446805</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>1970</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>26400</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>2664</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>477839</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Adel K Ahmed</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director of Software Engineering</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>196664</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>710</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>14921</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>25968</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>238263</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Lisa Zdarsky</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Chief Operating Officer</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>183078</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>485</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>14078</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>28541</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>226182</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Marlene Cooper</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>DMC Director for ACTG &amp; IMPAACT</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>192108</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>1070</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>15335</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>10049</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>218562</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Jamie C Hoel</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director of Madison Office</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>178164</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>485</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>13445</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>22425</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>214519</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Piotr Meszynski</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>IT Director</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>168946</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>1070</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>12875</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>28500</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>211391</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Soyeon Kim</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Sr. Research Scientist</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>182525</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>1970</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>14652</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>10490</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>209637</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Diana Sabra</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Chief Financial Officer</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>167345</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>405</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>12479</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>10912</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>191141</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Darren Gibson</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Board Member, Managing Dir. FSS</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>141211</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>0</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>14085</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>25262</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>180558</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>David Gaston</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Systems Engineer, Senior</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>155063</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>5715</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>11766</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>1324</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>173868</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part II:</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Eleanor McFadden and Darren Gibson receive compensation from a related organization, Frontier Science Scotland which is located in Scotland. Eleanor and Darren are residents of Scotland and do not receive a W-2 or 1099-NEC in the US. The amounts reported on Schedule J, Part II have been converted from GBP to USD.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="RetDoc1044400001">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Form 990 is prepared by an independent public accounting firm. The first draft of the Form 990 is reviewed by CFO, COO, CEO, Audit Committee and Treasurer. Questions and/or comments are circulated back to the CFO for discussion and if appropriate, revision. A final draft of the Form 990 is reviewed and then circulated to the Board prior to being filed. The draft is also reviewed by the Organization's counsel. A final review is performed by the CFO subsequent to the filing of the Form 990.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Frontier has a conflict of interest policy that applies to all employees and Board members. A conflict of interest form is circulated annually with a disclosure and information regarding our policy, forms are required to be completed by all employees and Board members. Potential conflicts of interest are required to be disclosed. All employee forms are collected and reviewed by the COO for conflicts of interest. All Board member conflict of interest forms are reviewed by the Board Chair and Secretary for conflicts of interest. Our policy contains a duty to disclose whenever a potential conflict of interest may arise. If there is a disclosure of interest these are reviewed by the COO, CFO, and the Board. If a Board member is the party, and this is a newly disclosed potential conflict of interest, they are asked to leave the Board meeting while determination of a conflict of interest is discussed and voted upon. Remaining Board members will decide if a conflict of interest exists. The Chairperson of the Governing Board shall, if appropriate, appoint a disinterested person or committee to investigate alternatives to the proposed transaction or arrangement.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The compensation committee is a subcommittee of the Board and is made up of three Frontier board members who are not also employees of Frontier Science, with legal counsel as an ad hoc member.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Upon request.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VII, Line 1</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The compensation received by the voting members of the Board was for their positions within the Organization. No Board Member received compensation for sitting on the Board of Directors.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part X, Line 10: Land, Buildings, and Equipment</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Section 1.263(a)-3(n) Election: Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation, Inc. 4033 Maple Road Amherst, NY 14226 EIN: 16-1056814 Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation, Inc. is electing to capitalize repair and maintenance costs under Regulation Section 1.263(a)-3(n).</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
    <IRS990ScheduleR documentId="RetDoc1043400001">
      <IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
        <DisregardedEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science (Scotland) Ltd</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </DisregardedEntityName>
        <ForeignAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>Grampian View</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Kincraig</CityNm>
          <ProvinceOrStateNm>Inverness-shire</ProvinceOrStateNm>
          <CountryCd>UK</CountryCd>
          <ForeignPostalCd>PH21 1NA</ForeignPostalCd>
        </ForeignAddress>
        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>Advancing education in the field of clinical trials</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
        <LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd>UK</LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd>
        <ExemptCodeSectionTxt>13(1)</ExemptCodeSectionTxt>
        <DirectControllingEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </DirectControllingEntityName>
        <ControlledOrganizationInd>1</ControlledOrganizationInd>
      </IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
      <IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
        <DisregardedEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science Foundation - Hellas</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </DisregardedEntityName>
        <ForeignAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>Mikras Asias 70 11527 Goudi</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Athens</CityNm>
          <CountryCd>GR</CountryCd>
        </ForeignAddress>
        <EIN>118050334</EIN>
        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>Research in bio-statistics and health sciences</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
        <LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd>GR</LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd>
        <DirectControllingEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </DirectControllingEntityName>
        <ControlledOrganizationInd>1</ControlledOrganizationInd>
      </IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
      <IdRelatedOrgTxblCorpTrGrp>
        <RelatedOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science Associates Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RelatedOrganizationName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>4033 Maple Road</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Amherst</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>14226</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <EIN>161479978</EIN>
        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>To assist FSTRF in performing research projects</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
        <LegalDomicileStateCd>NY</LegalDomicileStateCd>
        <DirectControllingEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </DirectControllingEntityName>
        <EntityTypeTxt>C</EntityTypeTxt>
        <ShareOfEOYAssetsAmt>9293</ShareOfEOYAssetsAmt>
        <OwnershipPct>1.00000</OwnershipPct>
        <ControlledOrganizationInd>1</ControlledOrganizationInd>
      </IdRelatedOrgTxblCorpTrGrp>
      <ReceiptOfIntAnntsRntsRyltsInd>0</ReceiptOfIntAnntsRntsRyltsInd>
      <GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd>0</GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd>
      <GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd>0</GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd>
      <LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrgInd>0</LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrgInd>
      <LoansOrGuaranteesFromOthOrgInd>0</LoansOrGuaranteesFromOthOrgInd>
      <DivRelatedOrganizationInd>0</DivRelatedOrganizationInd>
      <AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd>0</AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd>
      <AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd>0</AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd>
      <AssetExchangeInd>0</AssetExchangeInd>
      <RentalOfFacilitiesToOthOrgInd>0</RentalOfFacilitiesToOthOrgInd>
      <RentalOfFcltsFromOthOrgInd>0</RentalOfFcltsFromOthOrgInd>
      <PerformOfServicesForOthOrgInd>0</PerformOfServicesForOthOrgInd>
      <PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgInd>0</PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgInd>
      <SharingOfFacilitiesInd>0</SharingOfFacilitiesInd>
      <PaidEmployeesSharingInd>0</PaidEmployeesSharingInd>
      <ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrgInd>0</ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrgInd>
      <ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrgInd>0</ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrgInd>
      <TransferToOtherOrgInd>1</TransferToOtherOrgInd>
      <TransferFromOtherOrgInd>0</TransferFromOtherOrgInd>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Frontier Science (Scotland) Ltd</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>R</TransactionTypeTxt>
        <InvolvedAmt>1122591</InvolvedAmt>
        <MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>FMV</MethodOfAmountDeterminationTxt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule R, Part V, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The amounts transferred from Frontier Science &amp; Technology Research Foundation, Inc. to Frontier Science (Scotland) Ltd. were for their milestone portions of shared projects between the two organizations.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleR>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>