2024-05-14T10:32:54+00:00 2023-06-30 990 2022-07-01 412046529 3C Corporation 3CCO 2034325530 C/O Yale Univ Tax PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 STEPHEN C MURPHY SECRETARY 2024-05-14 STEPHEN MURPHY 999009999 2022 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z Matthew S T Mendelsohn C/O Yale Univ Tax PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 1942108 false X N/A X 2002 DC TO HOLD CERTAIN INVESTMENT ASSETS OF YALE UNIVERSITY 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2339477 1942108 0 2339477 1942108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2339477 1942108 12816356 13043043 0 0 12816356 13043043 3C CORPORATION IS A SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION WHOSE PRIMARY EXEMPT PURPOSE IS TO HOLD CERTAIN INVESTMENT ASSETS OF YALE UNIVERSITY. false false NONE 0 true false false false false false false false false false true false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false true false false false false false false false false false false false false false true false false false true 0 0 0 false false false false false false false false false false false false X 3 0 true false false false false true false true true false false true true true true true true false false false X Stephen C Murphy 2034325530 Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 Alexander C Banker VP, Treasurer & Director 1.0 51.6 X X 0 1430489 352396 Matthew ST Mendelsohn President & Director 1.0 51.6 X X 0 1704888 56841 Stephen C Murphy Secretary & Director 1.0 53.6 X X 0 550754 86340 Dean J Takahashi Former VP, Treasurer & Director 0.0 50.0 X 0 529770 49382 0 4215901 544959 0 true true false 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1942108 1942108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1942108 0 0 1942108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12816356 13043043 0 0 0 12816356 13043043 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 12816356 13043043 12816356 13043043 12816356 13043043 X 1942108 -1715421 X false false false X X 1 YALE UNIVERSITY 060646973 2 true 2906602 0 1 2906602 0 true false false false false false false false false false false false false false false true false INVESTMENTS 13043043 F 13043043 false true false false false false false false false Matthew ST Mendelsohn President & Director 0 868529 0 815859 0 20500 0 34450 0 22391 0 1761729 0 0 Alexander C Banker VP, Treasurer & Director 0 610757 0 799232 0 20500 0 315033 0 37363 0 1782885 0 189467 Stephen C Murphy Secretary & Director 0 530254 0 0 0 20500 0 34450 0 51890 0 637094 0 0 Dean J Takahashi Former VP, Treasurer & Director 0 172539 0 0 0 357231 0 21325 0 28057 0 579152 0 0 Schedule J, Part I, Line 4b Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan A LISTED PERSON PARTICIPATED IN A SUPPLEMENTAL NONQUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR 2022 AS DESCRIBED BELOW: YALE UNIVERSITY, A RELATED ORGANIZATION, PREVIOUSLY AWARDED A BONUS TO ONE FORMER OFFICER OF 3C CORPORATION FOR SERVICES AS A YALE UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEE THAT WAS TAXED IN THE YEAR AWARDED AND SUBJECT TO DEFERRED PAYMENT WITH ADJUSTMENTS UPWARD OR DOWNWARD DEPENDING ON PERFORMANCE OF THE YALE UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENT. THIS FORMER OFFICER CONTINUES TO RECEIVE EARNINGS RELATED TO PREVIOUSLY AWARDED DEFERRED BONUSES. THE EARNINGS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PREVIOUSLY AWARDED DEFERRED BONUS PAID IN 2022 ARE REFLECTED IN SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (B)(III). Schedule J, Part I LINES 1-3 BECAUSE THE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS DO NOT RECEIVE ANY COMPENSATION FROM 3C CORPORATION, LINES 1-3 WERE LEFT BLANK. Schedule J, Part II GENERAL NOTES COLUMN (F): COMPENSATION REPORTED IN PRIOR YEAR FORM 990: THIS AMOUNT IS ALSO INCLUDED IN COLUMN (E), PART II. IT IS, THEREFORE, DOUBLE REPORTED IN PART II AND DOES NOT REPRESENT ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION. Form 990, Part VI, Line 1a VOTING MEMBERS EACH OF THE VOTING MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNING BODY OF 3C CORPORATION IS AN EMPLOYEE OF YALE UNIVERSITY (EIN 06-0646973), A RELATED ORGANIZATION, AND RECEIVES COMPENSATION FOR HIS OR HER SERVICES AS AN EMPLOYEE OF YALE UNIVERSITY. THESE INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT PAID FOR THEIR SERVICES AS VOTING MEMBERS OF 3C CORPORATION. Form 990, Part VI, Line 2 BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP ALL OFFICERS/DIRECTORS OF 3C CORPORATION ARE EITHER OFFICERS, TRUSTEES, OR EMPLOYEES OF YALE UNIVERSITY, A RELATED ORGANIZATION - BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP. Form 990, Part VI, Line 15 COMPENSATION 3C CORPORATION DOES NOT HAVE ANY EMPLOYEES. THE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS ARE NOT COMPENSATED BY 3C CORPORATION. ALL COMPENSATION REPORTED ON PART VII PERTAINS TO OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS COMPENSATED BY YALE UNIVERSITY (A RELATED TAX EXEMPT ORGANIZATION) AS EMPLOYEES OF YALE UNIVERSITY. Form 990, Part VI, Line 7a Members or stockholders electing members of governing body PURSUANT TO THE BY-LAWS, THE CORPORATION'S BOARD HAS THREE MEMBERS. YALE UNIVERSITY'S (A RELATED ORGANIZATION) CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER IS A MEMBER EX-OFFICIO OF THE BOARD, AND THE OTHER MEMBERS ARE ELECTED (EACH FOR A TWO YEAR TERM AND UNTIL THEIR RESPECTIVE SUCCESSORS ARE ELECTED AND QUALIFIED OR UNTIL THEIR EARLIER DEATH, RESIGNATION, OR REMOVAL) BY THE AFFIRMATIVE VOTE OF A MAJORITY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE YALE CORPORATION PRESENT AT A MEETING AT WHICH A QUORUM IS PRESENT. Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY YALE UNIVERSITY, A RELATED ORGANIZATION, AND REVIEWED BY AN OFFICER OF 3C CORPORATION PRIOR TO FILING. Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy 3C Corporation's conflict of interest policy obligates each current and covered former director, officer, and member of a committee with governing board delegated powers to promptly disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest as defined in the policy. Each such person must sign a statement annually affirming that he or she has received a copy of the conflict of interest policy, has read and understands the policy, agrees to comply with the policy, and understands that 3C Corporation is a charitable organization and that in order to maintain its federal tax exemption it must engage primarily in activities which accomplish one or more of its tax-exempt purposes. In connection with any actual or potential conflict of interest, an interested person must disclose the existence of his or her potential conflict and all material facts to the directors and members of the committee with governing board delegated powers considering the prospective transaction or arrangement to determine if a conflict of interest exists. After disclosure of a potential conflict of interest, the interested person is excused from the governing board meeting while the determination of a conflict of interest is made and is recused from participating in any vote on the matter. The remaining board or committee members shall decide if a conflict of interest exists. Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public THE ORGANIZATION'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, INCLUDING ANY AMENDMENTS, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, TO THE EXTENT PROVIDED AS A PART OF ITS EXEMPTION APPLICATION OR ANNUAL FORM 990, ARE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. THE ORGANIZATION'S CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY IS NOT CURRENTLY MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC. Form 990, Part VII, Section A COLUMN (A) AND (B): INDIVIDUALS LISTED IN PART VII, WITH COMPENSATION REPORTED IN COLUMN (E), RECEIVED COMPENSATION FROM YALE UNIVERSITY, A RELATED ORGANIZATION, FOR THEIR SERVICES AS YALE UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES. THE ESTIMATED AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK DEVOTED TO YALE UNIVERSITY BY EACH OF THESE EMPLOYEES IS 50, THOUGH IN MANY CASES THE ACTUAL AVERAGE HOURS PER WEEK FOR LISTED PERSONS EXCEEDED THIS ESTIMATE. THESE INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT COMPENSATED IN THEIR CAPACITY AS OFFICERS OR DIRECTORS OF 3C CORPORATION. Form 990, Part XI, Line 9 Other changes in net assets or fund balances CONTRIBUTIONS TO CAPITAL - 1210644; DISTRIBUTIONS - -2906602; Cost Depletion adjustment - -19463; 5C Corporation c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 200763050 Investment DC 501(c)(3) Type I Yale University false Alumni Fund Association of Yale University c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 066078326 Encourages and solicits contributions to or for Yale University CT 501(c)(3) Type I Yale University false Chapel Company c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 061532073 Inactive CT 501(c)(2) Yale University false Charles A Coffin Memorial Fund c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 066034841 Supports higher education CT 501(c)(3) Type III-O Yale University false Edith B Jackson Trust #3 c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 846150096 Supports higher education CO 501(c)(3) PF Yale University false Ford Adelaide D Ten T U W c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 946216169 Supports higher education NC 501(c)(3) PF Yale University false Gruber Foundation the c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 451540594 Supports higher education DE 501(c)(3) Type I Yale University false Health Benefits Holdings Inc c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 061559155 Investment CT 501(c)(2) Yale University false HR Properties Inc c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 061341463 investment CT 501(c)(2) Yale University false Jonathan Edwards Trust c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 066084676 Supports Higher Education CT 501(c)(3) Type III-FI Yale University false Preston J Dunn TR UW FBO Yale University c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 066366026 Supports higher education CT 501(c)(3) PF Yale University false Preston J Dunn Tr UW FBO Yale University 1928 Alumni Fund c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 066366024 Supports higher education CT 501(c)(3) PF Yale University false Staff Retirement Holdings Inc c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 061559156 Investment CT 501(c)(2) Yale University false Stoeckel E B Residue Trust c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 060653108 Supports artistic programs CT 501(c)(3) Type III-FI Yale University false The Board of Trustees of the Sheffield Scientific School c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 066032565 Promotes the study of the physical, natural and mathematical sciences CT 501(c)(3) Type II Yale University false THE CHIEF EXEC LEADERSHIP INST OF THE YALE SCHOOL OF MGMT INC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 582617787 Provides research and peer-driven edu. programs to businesses DE 501(c)(3) Type I Yale University false The Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 981194924 Promotes and supports study of British art and architecture UK 501(c)(3) Yale University false Yale Alumni Publications Inc c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 060646970 Distributes Alumni Magazine CT 501(c)(3) Type III-FI Yale University false Yale Medical Foundation Inc c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 352672947 To provide outpatient medical care, to conduct research and support educational activities. CT 501(c)(3) 10 Yale University false Yale Scholarship Fund of Pittsburgh c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 237046816 Funds scholarships PA 501(c)(3) Type III-FI Yale University false Yale University c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 060646973 Education, Research, Community Service CT 501(c)(3) 2 NA false Yale University Elizabethan Club Corp c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 060332975 Promotes appreciation of literature among membership and community CT 501(c)(3) Type III-FI Yale University false Yale University Press London c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 Publishes serious works UK 501(c)(3) yale University false Yale University Retiree Health Benefits Coverage Trust c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 new Haven CT 065208239 066414276 501(a) Trust that Supports Yale University CT 501(c)(3) Type II Yale University false FOURTH CENTURY LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 412046537 Investment DE Yale University Excluded 2118155 15167854 true true 0.002 RAMSGATE VIII LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 205259910 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 88999 false false 0.0016 GLOSTER LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 201263980 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -34049 87286 false false 0.0016 CAUTHEN VIII LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 452750613 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -381 68268 true false 0.0016 WHITEHAVEN XI LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 371738599 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 53473 false false 0.0016 VERNON LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 800904292 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 10384 53466 false false 0.0016 RAMSGATE XI LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 465209548 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 7478 52241 false false 0.0016 HERNDON LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 371659934 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 3301 47940 false false 0.0016 HERNDON IV LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 471698457 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -762 45091 true false 0.0016 RADFORD LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 455470954 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -1488 41618 false false 0.0016 VEITCH LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 450999084 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 2894 39114 true false 0.0016 CAUTHEN LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 202776143 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -4 34157 true false 0.0016 ODE IV LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 611724296 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 31056 false false 0.0016 MACOMB XI LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 800958889 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 103 29300 true false 0.0016 WHITEHAVEN X LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 275205346 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 4144 27583 false false 0.0016 CORBIN VII LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 472456807 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 9135 27456 false false 0.0016 CLEVELAND LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 900743297 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 518 26746 false false 0.0016 KENWOOD LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 383863347 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 9325 22550 false false 0.0016 BARTON LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 352497887 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 310 21867 false false 0.0016 RIDGEFIELD IX LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 901007364 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 8635 18790 false false 0.0016 RAMSGATE X LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 273616177 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 18744 false false 0.0016 BARTON-A LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 611732894 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 2 16513 false false 0.0016 FILLMORE LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 453783115 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -97 15724 false false 0.0016 ABINGDON LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 611707283 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 1082 15696 true false 0.0016 SANGAMORE III LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 260753284 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 664 15567 true false 0.0016 YADKIN IV LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 461569715 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 1348 15547 false false 0.0016 CAUTHEN VII LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 263653027 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -4751 14870 true false 0.0016 ODE LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 371567347 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 14795 false false 0.0016 KENWOOD 2014-A LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 465722301 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 589 12516 true false 0.0016 TILDEN III LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 462024260 investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 3409 12113 false false 0.0016 RAMSGATE IX LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 208833887 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 9863 false false 0.0016 LORTON LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 454238865 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -1498 9234 false false 0.0016 RANNOCH LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 881780056 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 8609 false false 0.0018 ARLINGTON LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 383909979 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 8187 false false 0.0016 CAUTHEN IX LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 465376519 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 2000 7599 true false 0.0016 UHLE LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 273981909 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -512 7035 true false 0.0016 KENWOOD 2014 LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 465704870 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 17311 7012 false false 0.0016 YADKIN LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 202707395 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -70 6751 true false 0.0016 GLOSTER III LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 208833953 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 6649 false false 0.0016 CAUTHEN VI LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 208202030 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -8 5886 true false 0.0016 MAYHEW LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 881815816 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 5515 false false 0.0018 WHITEHAVEN LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 263915778 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 5065 4160 false false 0.0016 RAMSGATE IX A LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 261797786 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 3587 false false 0.0016 KENHOWE LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 881786442 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 3356 false false 0.0018 WESTPATH LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 202297672 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -2456 3295 false false 0.0016 LORTON-A LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 454239136 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -1035 2373 false false 0.0016 SCOTT LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 273616316 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -106 1824 false false 0.0016 CHANDLER LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 320438514 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -276 1532 true false 0.0016 TILDEN II LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 274210952 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 2053 9 false false 0.0016 CORBIN LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 201263962 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -6 0 false false 0.0016 TILDEN LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 208558781 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 0 false false 0.0016 VOLTA IV LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 270914710 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded -393 0 false false 0.0016 ALAMANCE VII LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 452046522 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC Excluded 0 -750 false false 0.0016 See Part VII N/A CT NA N/A Connecticut Boola Inc c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 060798544 Investment CT NA C Corporation false FWEB LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 273304506 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC C Corporation 1 2229 0.002 false PWEB LLC c/o Yale University PO Box 208239 New Haven CT 065208239 273304430 Investment DE Fourth Century LLC C Corporation 19163 167915 0.002 false See PART VII N/A CT NA false false true true false false false false false false false false false true false false false false true true Schedule R, Part III GENERAL NOTE DISPROPORTIONATE ALLOCATIONS INDICATED IN COLUMN (H) OF PART III RELATE TO ALLOCATIONS AMONG 501(C)(3) ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE PARTNERS IN AN INVESTMENT ENTITY. SCHEDULE R PARTS III AND IV: AS IDENTIFIED IN PART II, 3C CORPORATION IS RELATED TO YALE UNIVERSITY (EIN: 06-0646973) WHICH HAS NUMEROUS RELATED ORGANIZATIONS. SEE SCHEDULE R, PARTS III AND IV, OF YALE UNIVERSITY'S FORM 990 FOR A LIST OF THE ORGANIZATIONS, WHICH BY VIRTUE OF YALE'S CONTROL OF 3C CORPORATION ARE RELATED ORGANIZATIONS OF 3C CORPORATION. ANY RELATED ORGANIZATION WITH WHICH 3C CORPORATION HAS ENTERED INTO A TRANSACTION REPORTABLE ON SCHEDULE R, PART V IS REPORTED ON 3C CORPORATION'S FORM 990, SCHEDULE R.