2023-11-01T13:45:59-04:00 2023-03-31 571089574 CASSIDY CPA 1 MATHEWS DR STE 114 HILTON HEAD ISLAND SC 29926 990 2022-04-01 821433644 FAIR TRIALS AMERICAS FAIR 6468670994 1100 13TH ST NW STE 800 WASHINGTON DC 20005 AMY JEFFRESS DIRECTOR/PRESIDENT 6468670994 2023-11-01 true AMY JEFFRESS 999009999 true CHRISTINE E CASSIDY P00022087 8436892800 2023-11-01 2022 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z AMY JEFFRESS 1100 13TH ST NW STE 800 WASHINGTON DC 20005 774206 false X X 2017 DC TO DEFEND HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS BY FAIR TRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. 8 8 4 0 479135 774206 0 0 0 479135 774206 171030 0 0 244899 374881 0 0 120890 199464 536819 574345 -57684 199861 91417 291278 0 91417 291278 TO DEFEND HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS BY FAIR TRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. false false 491171 FAIR TRIALS' MISSION IS TO SERVE AS A CRIMINAL JUSTICE WATCHDOG WORKING TO EXPOSE, CHALLENGE AND REMEDY SYSTEMIC INJUSTICE IN CRIMINAL PROCESSES. FAIR TRIALS WORKS TO OPPOSE OVERCRIMINALIZATION, DISPARATE TREATMENT, AND MARGINALIZATION OF COMMUNITIES. THROUGH EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH, FAIR TRIALS SUPPORTS BROAD COALITIONS TO EXPOSE INJUSTICE AND PROMOTE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS AT ALL STAGES OF THE CRIMINAL PROCESS. 491171 true true false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false true 3 0 4 true false false false false false false false false X 8 8 false false false false false false false true true false false true true true true true true false false false X CHAPEL YORK LTD 6468670994 12 LADYCROSS BUS PARK LINGFIELD SURREY UK RH7 6 PB NORMAN REIMER RESIGNED '22 0.50 X 141231 0 0 THADDEUS BEREDAY DIRECTOR 0.50 X 0 0 0 NANCY HOLLANDER DIRECTOR 0.50 X 0 0 0 AMY JEFFRESS DIRECTOR/PRE 0.50 X X 0 0 0 RICK JONES DIRECTOR 0.50 X 0 0 0 ERIC KOLODNER DIRECTOR 0.50 X 0 0 0 CONRAD LEVY DIRECTOR/TRE 1.00 X X 0 0 0 ROBERT SCOTT DIRECTOR 0.50 X 0 0 0 OSCAR VILHENA VIEIRA DIRECTOR 0.50 X 0 0 0 141231 1 false false false 774206 774206 774206 X 339676 339676 10220 10220 24985 24985 29038 29038 122651 94194 28457 252 252 5829 5829 11526 11526 22096 22096 4916 4916 BANK FEES 1177 1177 TELEPHONE 1115 1115 SUBSCRIPTIONS 669 669 SUPPLIES 195 195 574345 491171 83174 0 91417 291278 91417 291278 0 0 X 91417 291278 91417 291278 91417 291278 199861 X false false false X 67500 203917 307725 479135 774206 1832483 67500 203917 307725 479135 774206 1832483 1531007 301476 1832483 0.16450 X PUBLIC SERVICES: SINCE THEY WERE ESTABLISHED IN 2017, THE FAIR TRIALS AMERICAS (FTA) HAS BEEN RAISING FUNDS FOR ITS CAMPAIGNS IN THREE MAJOR AREAS OF CRIMINAL LEGAL REFORM: 1)EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS; 2)REFORM OF PLEA-BARGAINING SYSTEMS; AND 3)FAIRER CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATION. BY WAY OF BACKGROUND, FAIR TRIALS WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE UK IN 1992 AS THE GLOBAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE WATCHDOG. IN 2017, FAIR TRIALS EXPANDED TO THE US, REGISTERING AS A 501(C)(3) ORGANIZATION CALLED FAIR TRIALS AMERICAS. SINCE THEN, THE ORGANIZATION USED ITS INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE TO BUILD A TRANSATLANTIC BRIDGE - FUELING FRESH THINKING AND SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE AND PRAGMATIC SOLUTIONS THAT: "CHALLENGED PRECONCEPTIONS ABOUT HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS WORKS. "OFFERED NEW SOLUTIONS TO ENTRENCHED PROBLEM THAT HAVE NOT YET BEEN TRIED IN THE US. "PROVIDED INSIGHT INTO THE PRACTICALITY OF IMPLEMENTING NEW WORKING MODELS. "HELPED BUILD A MORE PERSUASIVE CASE FOR REFORM. " THE FOLLOWING SUB-SECTIONS PROVIDE DETAIL OF FTA'S THREE CAMPAIGN AREAS (OUTLINED ABOVE), DETAILING THE ACTIVITIES THAT WERE CARRIED OUT AND FUNDRAISED FOR UNDER EACH CAMPAIGN AREA. 1)EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL BACKGROUND: THE IMMEDIATE HOURS POST-ARREST IN POLICE CUSTODY CREATE A SITUATION OF EXTREME VULNERABILITY FOR ARRESTED PEOPLE. AMONGST THEM CHILDREN ARE PARTICULARLY AT RISK: COUNTLESS CASES OF MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE AND, MORE RECENTLY, ACADEMIC RESEARCH SHOW THAT THEY FACE EVEN GREATER BARRIERS THAN ADULTS TO RECEIVING A FAIR PROCESS, AND CRITICALLY, TO ACCESSING INDEPENDENT LEGAL REPRESENTATION. JUVENILES FROM BLACK AND MINORITY BACKGROUNDS ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE, NOT ONLY TO HIGHER RATES OF INTERACTIONS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT BUT TO SIGNIFICANT INJUSTICE. FTA'S ACTIVITIES: BETWEEN 2017 AND 2023, FTA CARRIED OUT - AMONGST OTHERS - THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES, ALL OF WHICH WERE FINANCED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S FUNDRAISING: "PUBLISHED A PAPER AND RAN A WEBINAR ON STATION-HOUSE COUNSEL IN THE USA. "CONDUCTED A PROJECT FUNDED BY ARNOLD VENTURES TO WORK WITH URBAN INSTITUTE AND NORC (UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO) TO EVALUATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW LAW IMPROVING ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR YOUTH IN CALIFORNIA AND BUILD A NATIONAL NETWORK OF EARLY ACCESS PRACTITIONERS. "CREATED THE NETWORK FOR EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL, WHICH BRINGS TOGETHER PUBLIC DEFENDERS, POLICY MAKERS, PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS TO SHARE INFORMATION, RESOURCES AND IDEAS ABOUT ADVANCING ACCESS TO COUNSEL AT THE EARLIEST OPPORTUNITY - UPON ARREST, BEFORE AND DURING INTERROGATION, AND BEFORE ARRAIGNMENT. THE NETWORK HAS ALREADY GROWN TO INCLUDE 80 MEMBERS WHO MEET QUARTERLY TO DISCUSS BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES TO ADVANCE EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL. "PUBLISHED A REPORT, CLOSING THE GAP, WHICH ANALYSES THE WAVE OF LEGISLATION GIVING YOUNG PEOPLE EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL THAT HAS BEEN INTRODUCED SINCE FAIR TRIALS STARTED CAMPAIGNING ON THIS ISSUE. THE REPORT FOUND THAT MOMENTUM CONTINUES TO BUILD AS COMMUNITIES NAVIGATE CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE RIGHTS WILL BE PROTECTED AT EVERY STAGE OF THE LEGAL PROCESS. "SUCCESSFULLY ADVOCATED FOR PROVIDING YOUTH IN WASHINGTON DC WITH DURING POLICE INTERROGATION, TOGETHER WITH A GROUP OF LOCAL YOUTH JUSTICE ORGANIZATIONS. THIS RESULTED IN THE DC POLICE REFORM COMMISSION'S RECOMMENDATION IN THEIR LANDMARK REPORT THAT DC SHOULD IMPLEMENT ACCESS TO COUNSEL IN POLICE CUSTODY FOR ADULTS AND JUVENILES. "SUPPORTED INITIATIVES AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL TO IMPLEMENT SAFEGUARDS IN POLICE INTERROGATION, INCLUDING EARLIER ACCESS TO COUNSEL. SPECIAL FOCUS: EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR CHILDREN UNDER THIS CAMPAIGN, FTA FOCUSED PARTICULARLY ON ENSURING ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS. IN THE US, AMONGST THOSE PEOPLE EXONERATED FOR CRIMES THEY WERE ACCUSED OF AS TEENS, 86% OF UNDER 14 HAD FALSELY CONFESSED. FALSE CONFESSIONS DON'T JUST HARM THESE YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR LOVED ONES, EVERY WRONGFUL CONVICTION REPRESENTS A FAILURE TO HOLD THE RIGHT PERSON ACCOUNTABLE. FTA THEREFORE CALLED FOR SIGNIFICANT REFORMS TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN, INCLUDING: ENSURING ACCESS TO ADEQUATE COUNSEL, PROVIDING DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE MIRANDA WARNINGS, AND MANDATING HUMANE CONDITIONS DURING QUESTIONING. TO PROMOTE THESE VITAL SAFEGUARDS, FTA: "CONDUCTED A WEBINAR IN MARCH 2022 ON REFORMING YOUTH INTERROGATION IN THE US; BRINGING TOGETHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPERTS AND LEADERS TO DISCUSS LONG OVERDUE REFORMS. "PUBLISHED AN OPINION PIECE IN USA TODAY, OUTLINING HOW THE US JUSTICE SYSTEM IS NOT PROVIDING ADEQUATE PROTECTIONS FOR CHILDREN. "SUBMITTED LETTERS OF SUPPORT TO THE NEW YORK STATE LEGISLATURE IN SUPPORT OF JUVENILE MIRANDA BILLS. 2)PLEA BARGAINING BACKGROUND: THE SIXTH AMENDMENT GUARANTEES AMERICAN PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO A LAWYER AND PUBLIC TRIAL WITHOUT UNNECESSARY DELAY. BUT THE RAMPANT USE OF PLEA-BARGAIN TACTICS ERODES THIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT. WE MUST MOVE QUICKLY TO PROTECT IT. MORE THAN 95% OF STATE AND FEDERAL CASES ARE NOW CLOSED BY PLEA OF 'GUILTY' RATHER THAN TRIAL. FAR FROM A QUICK-FIX, PRESSURE TO 'TAKE A DEAL- AND AVOID THE COST, DELAY AND RISK OF A TRIAL CAN LEAVE EVEN INNOCENT PEOPLE FEELING LIKE THEY HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO CONFESS. AS WELL AS WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS, PLEA-BARGAINS ALSO ENCOURAGE: "MASS INCARCERATION: THE OVERCROWDING OF DETENTION CENTRES AND PRISONS. "EXCESSIVE SENTENCES: ATTRACTIVE DEALS SEE THOSE THAT GO TO TRIAL RECEIVE LONGER SENTENCES. "DISCRIMINATION: JUDICIAL AND PUBLIC OVERSIGHT IS REMOVED, WHICH LEAVES SUSPECTS AND DEFENDANTS VULNERABLE TO RACIAL AND OTHER FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION. "OVER CRIMINALIZATION: THROUGH REDUCED INCENTIVE TO DISMISS, DIVERT OR DECRIMINALIZE MINOR OFFENCES. "THE WAIVER OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS: INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO A LAWYER, THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE, AND THE CHANCE TO HAVE THEIR CASE HEARD BY A JURY OF PEERS. FTA'S ACTIVITIES: BETWEEN 2017 AND 2023, FTA CARRIED OUT - AMONGST OTHERS - THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES, ALL OF WHICH WERE FINANCED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S FUNDRAISING: "ESTABLISHED THE GROUND-BREAKING PLEA BARGAINING INSTITUTE THAT WILL HELP ACADEMICS, LAWYERS AND CAMPAIGNERS ACCESS RESEARCH ON PLEA BARGAINING TO INFORM THEIR WORK AND BRING ABOUT REFORM. "PARTNERED WITH FAIR AND JUST PROSECUTION, A NGO THAT SUPPORTS REFORM OF PROSECUTION PRACTICES, TO ISSUE GUIDELINES TO ENSURE THAT PLEA BARGAINING DOES NOT UNDERMINE THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF ACCUSED PEOPLE. "CONTRIBUTED TO THE COORDINATION OF A MAJOR CONFERENCE ON THIS TOPIC HOSTED BY NACDL IN DECEMBER 2021. "PUBLISHED AN INFO SHEET AND THREE SHORT FILMS IN THE US, OUTLINING HOW RIGHTS ARE REMOVED BY PLEA BARGAINING: OPLEA BARGAINING AND RACIAL INJUSTICE; OPLEA BARGAINING AND POLICE OVERSIGHT; OPLEA BARGAINING AND MASS INCARCERATION. 3)FAIRER CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATION BACKGROUND: UNDER THIS CAMPAIGN AREA, FAIR TRIALS HAS PARTICULARLY ADVOCATED FOR SIGNIFICANT INTERPOL REFORMS. WHILST MANY OF THESE REFORMS HAVE SINCE BEEN REALISED, FURTHER ACTION IS STILL REQUIRED BY INTERPOL TO PREVENT ITS SYSTEMS FROM BEING ABUSED AND TO ENSURE ADEQUATE TRANSPARENCY WITH REGARDS TO ITS WORK. ACTIVITIES: BETWEEN 2017 AND 2023, FTA CARRIED OUT - AMONGST OTHERS - THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES, ALL OF WHICH WERE FINANCED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S FUNDRAISING: "SUBMITTED AN AMICUS BRIEF IN TWO SIGNIFICANT US IMMIGRATION CASES, WITH PRO BONO SUPPORT FROM LAW FIRM ARNOLD & PORTER. THANKS TO THIS WORK, THE US COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT SUBSEQUENTLY CAST DOUBT THAT AN INTERPOL RED NOTICE CONSTITUTES NECESSARY PROBABLE CAUSE THAT AN ASYLUM SEEKER COMMITTED A SERIOUS NON-POLITICAL CRIME. "SIMILARLY, THANKS TO FTA'S WORK, THE US COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT RULED THAT AN INTERPOL RED NOTICE DOES NOT IN ITSELF ESTABLISH PROBABLE CAUSE THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED. THIS HAS CREATED POSITIVE CASE LAW THAT IMMIGRATION LAWYERS CAN USE TO HOLD THE GOVERNMENT TO THE PROPER STANDARD AND WHICH WILL OFFER CLEARER PROTECTION FOR ASYLUM SEEKERS WHO FACE EXCLUSION UNFAIRLY. SOURCES OF SUPPORT: SUPPORT IS SOUGHT FROM: MERRILL LYNCH, MOZILLA FOUNDATION,CHARLES KOCH INSTITUTE, ARNOLD VENTURES LLC, MARY JANE & ASSOCIATES, COLUCCI FAMILY FOUNDATION, EMBASSY OF IRELAND, MEXICO, COLUCCI FAMILY FOUNDATION, FAIR TRIALS INTERNATIONAL, THE URBAN INSTITUTE GOVERNING BODY: ERIC KOLODNER ERIC IS A LAWYER WITH SIGNIFICANT LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL EXPERIENCE IN BOTH THE UK AND THE US. HE WAS FORMERLY DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMS AND GENERAL COUNSEL FOR THE TRACE FOUNDATION, AND HAS ALSO WORKED WITH VARIOUS OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS. NANCY HOLLANDER NANCY IS A PRACTISING US DEFENCE LAWYER. HER PRACTICE INCLUDES DEFENCE IN COMPLEX MULTI-JURISDICTION CASES, INCLUDING REPRESENTATION OF TWO PRISONERS AT GUANTANAMO BAY AND AS LEAD COUNSEL FOR CHELSEA MANNING IN HER APPEAL AND CLEMENCY. NANCY HAS SERVED AS PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYERS. ROBERT SCOTT ROBERT IS FORMER SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF STARWOOD HOTELS AND RESORTS WORLDWIDE (EUROPE, AFRICA, AND MIDDLE EAST DIVISION PART II, LINE 17A PUBLIC SERVICES: SINCE THEY WERE ESTABLISHED IN 2017, THE FAIR TRIALS AMERICAS (FTA) HAS BEEN RAISING FUNDS FOR ITS CAMPAIGNS IN THREE MAJOR AREAS OF CRIMINAL LEGAL REFORM: 1)EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS; 2)REFORM OF PLEA-BARGAINING SYSTEMS; AND 3)FAIRER CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATION. BY WAY OF BACKGROUND, FAIR TRIALS WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE UK IN 1992 AS THE GLOBAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE WATCHDOG. IN 2017, FAIR TRIALS EXPANDED TO THE US, REGISTERING AS A 501(C)(3) ORGANIZATION CALLED FAIR TRIALS AMERICAS. SINCE THEN, THE ORGANIZATION USED ITS INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE TO BUILD A TRANSATLANTIC BRIDGE - FUELING FRESH THINKING AND SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE AND PRAGMATIC SOLUTIONS THAT: "CHALLENGED PRECONCEPTIONS ABOUT HOW THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS WORKS. "OFFERED NEW SOLUTIONS TO ENTRENCHED PROBLEM THAT HAVE NOT YET BEEN TRIED IN THE US. "PROVIDED INSIGHT INTO THE PRACTICALITY OF IMPLEMENTING NEW WORKING MODELS. "HELPED BUILD A MORE PERSUASIVE CASE FOR REFORM. " THE FOLLOWING SUB-SECTIONS PROVIDE DETAIL OF FTA'S THREE CAMPAIGN AREAS (OUTLINED ABOVE), DETAILING THE ACTIVITIES THAT WERE CARRIED OUT AND FUNDRAISED FOR UNDER EACH CAMPAIGN AREA. 1)EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL BACKGROUND: THE IMMEDIATE HOURS POST-ARREST IN POLICE CUSTODY CREATE A SITUATION OF EXTREME VULNERABILITY FOR ARRESTED PEOPLE. AMONGST THEM CHILDREN ARE PARTICULARLY AT RISK: COUNTLESS CASES OF MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE AND, MORE RECENTLY, ACADEMIC RESEARCH SHOW THAT THEY FACE EVEN GREATER BARRIERS THAN ADULTS TO RECEIVING A FAIR PROCESS, AND CRITICALLY, TO ACCESSING INDEPENDENT LEGAL REPRESENTATION. JUVENILES FROM BLACK AND MINORITY BACKGROUNDS ARE ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE, NOT ONLY TO HIGHER RATES OF INTERACTIONS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT BUT TO SIGNIFICANT INJUSTICE. FTA'S ACTIVITIES: BETWEEN 2017 AND 2023, FTA CARRIED OUT - AMONGST OTHERS - THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES, ALL OF WHICH WERE FINANCED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S FUNDRAISING: "PUBLISHED A PAPER AND RAN A WEBINAR ON STATION-HOUSE COUNSEL IN THE USA. "CONDUCTED A PROJECT FUNDED BY ARNOLD VENTURES TO WORK WITH URBAN INSTITUTE AND NORC (UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO) TO EVALUATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW LAW IMPROVING ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR YOUTH IN CALIFORNIA AND BUILD A NATIONAL NETWORK OF EARLY ACCESS PRACTITIONERS. "CREATED THE NETWORK FOR EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL, WHICH BRINGS TOGETHER PUBLIC DEFENDERS, POLICY MAKERS, PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS TO SHARE INFORMATION, RESOURCES AND IDEAS ABOUT ADVANCING ACCESS TO COUNSEL AT THE EARLIEST OPPORTUNITY - UPON ARREST, BEFORE AND DURING INTERROGATION, AND BEFORE ARRAIGNMENT. THE NETWORK HAS ALREADY GROWN TO INCLUDE 80 MEMBERS WHO MEET QUARTERLY TO DISCUSS BEST PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES TO ADVANCE EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL. "PUBLISHED A REPORT, CLOSING THE GAP, WHICH ANALYSES THE WAVE OF LEGISLATION GIVING YOUNG PEOPLE EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL THAT HAS BEEN INTRODUCED SINCE FAIR TRIALS STARTED CAMPAIGNING ON THIS ISSUE. THE REPORT FOUND THAT MOMENTUM CONTINUES TO BUILD AS COMMUNITIES NAVIGATE CREATIVE SOLUTIONS TO ENSURE RIGHTS WILL BE PROTECTED AT EVERY STAGE OF THE LEGAL PROCESS. "SUCCESSFULLY ADVOCATED FOR PROVIDING YOUTH IN WASHINGTON DC WITH DURING POLICE INTERROGATION, TOGETHER WITH A GROUP OF LOCAL YOUTH JUSTICE ORGANIZATIONS. THIS RESULTED IN THE DC POLICE REFORM COMMISSION'S RECOMMENDATION IN THEIR LANDMARK REPORT THAT DC SHOULD IMPLEMENT ACCESS TO COUNSEL IN POLICE CUSTODY FOR ADULTS AND JUVENILES. "SUPPORTED INITIATIVES AT THE FEDERAL LEVEL TO IMPLEMENT SAFEGUARDS IN POLICE INTERROGATION, INCLUDING EARLIER ACCESS TO COUNSEL. SPECIAL FOCUS: EARLY ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR CHILDREN UNDER THIS CAMPAIGN, FTA FOCUSED PARTICULARLY ON ENSURING ACCESS TO COUNSEL FOR CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS. IN THE US, AMONGST THOSE PEOPLE EXONERATED FOR CRIMES THEY WERE ACCUSED OF AS TEENS, 86% OF UNDER 14 HAD FALSELY CONFESSED. FALSE CONFESSIONS DON'T JUST HARM THESE YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR LOVED ONES, EVERY WRONGFUL CONVICTION REPRESENTS A FAILURE TO HOLD THE RIGHT PERSON ACCOUNTABLE. FTA THEREFORE CALLED FOR SIGNIFICANT REFORMS TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN, INCLUDING: ENSURING ACCESS TO ADEQUATE COUNSEL, PROVIDING DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE MIRANDA WARNINGS, AND MANDATING HUMANE CONDITIONS DURING QUESTIONING. TO PROMOTE THESE VITAL SAFEGUARDS, FTA: "CONDUCTED A WEBINAR IN MARCH 2022 ON REFORMING YOUTH INTERROGATION IN THE US; BRINGING TOGETHER CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXPERTS AND LEADERS TO DISCUSS LONG OVERDUE REFORMS. "PUBLISHED AN OPINION PIECE IN USA TODAY, OUTLINING HOW THE US JUSTICE SYSTEM IS NOT PROVIDING ADEQUATE PROTECTIONS FOR CHILDREN. "SUBMITTED LETTERS OF SUPPORT TO THE NEW YORK STATE LEGISLATURE IN SUPPORT OF JUVENILE MIRANDA BILLS. 2)PLEA BARGAINING BACKGROUND: THE SIXTH AMENDMENT GUARANTEES AMERICAN PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO A LAWYER AND PUBLIC TRIAL WITHOUT UNNECESSARY DELAY. BUT THE RAMPANT USE OF PLEA-BARGAIN TACTICS ERODES THIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT. WE MUST MOVE QUICKLY TO PROTECT IT. MORE THAN 95% OF STATE AND FEDERAL CASES ARE NOW CLOSED BY PLEA OF 'GUILTY' RATHER THAN TRIAL. FAR FROM A QUICK-FIX, PRESSURE TO 'TAKE A DEAL- AND AVOID THE COST, DELAY AND RISK OF A TRIAL CAN LEAVE EVEN INNOCENT PEOPLE FEELING LIKE THEY HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO CONFESS. AS WELL AS WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS, PLEA-BARGAINS ALSO ENCOURAGE: "MASS INCARCERATION: THE OVERCROWDING OF DETENTION CENTRES AND PRISONS. "EXCESSIVE SENTENCES: ATTRACTIVE DEALS SEE THOSE THAT GO TO TRIAL RECEIVE LONGER SENTENCES. "DISCRIMINATION: JUDICIAL AND PUBLIC OVERSIGHT IS REMOVED, WHICH LEAVES SUSPECTS AND DEFENDANTS VULNERABLE TO RACIAL AND OTHER FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION. "OVER CRIMINALIZATION: THROUGH REDUCED INCENTIVE TO DISMISS, DIVERT OR DECRIMINALIZE MINOR OFFENCES. "THE WAIVER OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS: INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO A LAWYER, THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE, AND THE CHANCE TO HAVE THEIR CASE HEARD BY A JURY OF PEERS. FTA'S ACTIVITIES: BETWEEN 2017 AND 2023, FTA CARRIED OUT - AMONGST OTHERS - THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES, ALL OF WHICH WERE FINANCED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S FUNDRAISING: "ESTABLISHED THE GROUND-BREAKING PLEA BARGAINING INSTITUTE THAT WILL HELP ACADEMICS, LAWYERS AND CAMPAIGNERS ACCESS RESEARCH ON PLEA BARGAINING TO INFORM THEIR WORK AND BRING ABOUT REFORM. "PARTNERED WITH FAIR AND JUST PROSECUTION, A NGO THAT SUPPORTS REFORM OF PROSECUTION PRACTICES, TO ISSUE GUIDELINES TO ENSURE THAT PLEA BARGAINING DOES NOT UNDERMINE THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF ACCUSED PEOPLE. "CONTRIBUTED TO THE COORDINATION OF A MAJOR CONFERENCE ON THIS TOPIC HOSTED BY NACDL IN DECEMBER 2021. "PUBLISHED AN INFO SHEET AND THREE SHORT FILMS IN THE US, OUTLINING HOW RIGHTS ARE REMOVED BY PLEA BARGAINING: OPLEA BARGAINING AND RACIAL INJUSTICE; OPLEA BARGAINING AND POLICE OVERSIGHT; OPLEA BARGAINING AND MASS INCARCERATION. 3)FAIRER CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATION BACKGROUND: UNDER THIS CAMPAIGN AREA, FAIR TRIALS HAS PARTICULARLY ADVOCATED FOR SIGNIFICANT INTERPOL REFORMS. WHILST MANY OF THESE REFORMS HAVE SINCE BEEN REALISED, FURTHER ACTION IS STILL REQUIRED BY INTERPOL TO PREVENT ITS SYSTEMS FROM BEING ABUSED AND TO ENSURE ADEQUATE TRANSPARENCY WITH REGARDS TO ITS WORK. ACTIVITIES: BETWEEN 2017 AND 2023, FTA CARRIED OUT - AMONGST OTHERS - THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES, ALL OF WHICH WERE FINANCED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S FUNDRAISING: "SUBMITTED AN AMICUS BRIEF IN TWO SIGNIFICANT US IMMIGRATION CASES, WITH PRO BONO SUPPORT FROM LAW FIRM ARNOLD & PORTER. THANKS TO THIS WORK, THE US COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT SUBSEQUENTLY CAST DOUBT THAT AN INTERPOL RED NOTICE CONSTITUTES NECESSARY PROBABLE CAUSE THAT AN ASYLUM SEEKER COMMITTED A SERIOUS NON-POLITICAL CRIME. "SIMILARLY, THANKS TO FTA'S WORK, THE US COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT RULED THAT AN INTERPOL RED NOTICE DOES NOT IN ITSELF ESTABLISH PROBABLE CAUSE THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN COMMITTED. THIS HAS CREATED POSITIVE CASE LAW THAT IMMIGRATION LAWYERS CAN USE TO HOLD THE GOVERNMENT TO THE PROPER STANDARD AND WHICH WILL OFFER CLEARER PROTECTION FOR ASYLUM SEEKERS WHO FACE EXCLUSION UNFAIRLY. SOURCES OF SUPPORT: SUPPORT IS SOUGHT FROM: MERRILL LYNCH, MOZILLA FOUNDATION,CHARLES KOCH INSTITUTE, ARNOLD VENTURES LLC, MARY JANE & ASSOCIATES, COLUCCI FAMILY FOUNDATION, EMBASSY OF IRELAND, MEXICO, COLUCCI FAMILY FOUNDATION, FAIR TRIALS INTERNATIONAL, THE URBAN INSTITUTE GOVERNING BODY: ERIC KOLODNER ERIC IS A LAWYER WITH SIGNIFICANT LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL EXPERIENCE IN BOTH THE UK AND THE US. HE WAS FORMERLY DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMS AND GENERAL COUNSEL FOR THE TRACE FOUNDATION, AND HAS ALSO WORKED WITH VARIOUS OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANISATIONS. NANCY HOLLANDER NANCY IS A PRACTISING US DEFENCE LAWYER. HER PRACTICE INCLUDES DEFENCE IN COMPLEX MULTI-JURISDICTION CASES, INCLUDING REPRESENTATION OF TWO PRISONERS AT GUANTANAMO BAY AND AS LEAD COUNSEL FOR CHELSEA MANNING IN HER APPEAL AND CLEMENCY. NANCY HAS SERVED AS PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CRIMINAL DEFENSE LAWYERS. ROBERT SCOTT ROBERT IS FORMER SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF STARWOOD HOTELS AND RESORTS WORLDWIDE (EUROPE, AFRICA, AND MIDDLE EAST DIVISION RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11B AN OFFICER REVIEWS THE 990 AND SIGNS OFF ON THE NUMBERS. FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 12C THE BOARD ADOPTED THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND EACH YEAR BOARD MEMBERS SIGN THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST ANNUAL CERTIFICATION. FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19 UPON REQUEST FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 0 8,457 0 CONSULTING 94,194 20,000 0 TOTAL 94,194 28,457 0