2023-11-03T08:55:10-05:00 2022-12-31 FORVIS LLP 1201 Walnut Suite 1700 Kansas City MO 641062246 990 2022-01-01 202993509 Stowers Institute for Medical Research % KATY GRAHAM STOW 8169264000 1000 East 50th Street Kansas City MO 64110 RICHARD W BROWN DIRECTOR/CHAIR 8169264852 2023-11-15 true RICHARD W BROWN 999009999 April Arnold P01559426 8162216300 2023-11-15 2 2022 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z RICHARD W BROWN 1000 East 50th Street Kansas City MO 64110 141504944 false X www.stowers.org X 2005 DE SIMR'S EXEMPT PURPOSE IS TO PERFORM MEDICAL RESEARCH IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST WITH THE GOAL OF EXPANDING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF LIVING CELLS. 8 3 350 3 0 114696909 49795383 180125 182534 408606 -2315054 1081979 1086518 116367619 48749381 2711992 5000 0 0 34852680 33685967 0 0 0 51811290 57302661 89375962 90993628 26991657 -42244247 238524295 209016203 17906527 31698886 220617768 177317317 X SEE SCHEDULE O false false 53234152 5000 182534 SIMR'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE DESCRIBED IN SCHEDULE O. 53234152 true true false false false false false false false true true false false true true true false true false false false false false false false false false false false true false false false false false false true false true false false false false true true true true false true 33 0 true 350 true false false false false false false false false false false true false X 8 3 true false false false false false false true true false false true true true true true true true true false X KATY GRAHAM 8169264000 1000 E 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 X RICHARD W BROWN DIRECTOR/CHAIR 2.0 47.0 X X 0 2813862 66899 KAUSIK SI SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR 40.0 0.0 X 416310 0 1073898 MATTHEW C GIBSON INVESTIGATOR 40.0 2.0 X 288587 0 1072353 CHARLES GERMAN DIRECTOR/SECRETARY 2.0 47.0 X X 0 1059057 67050 BRENT KREIDER COO THRU 3/31/22/DIRECTOR 2.0 42.0 X X 0 712540 72436 ROBERT E KRUMLAUF SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR EMERITUS 40.0 0.0 X 574733 0 69505 PENNY M SPENCE CFO 2.0 49.0 X 0 537787 62246 GEORGE L SATTERLEE DIRECTOR AS OF 1/1/22 2.0 42.0 X 0 471260 67224 JERRY L WORKMAN INVESTIGATOR 40.0 0.0 X 414539 0 58562 R SCOTT HAWLEY INVESTIGATOR 40.0 0.0 X 325447 0 67050 LINHENG LI INVESTIGATOR 40.0 0.0 X 284789 0 71466 ALEJANDRO SNCHEZ ALVARADO DIR/CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER 40.0 4.0 X X 202731 0 17153 DAVID A WELTE DIRECTOR 2.0 7.0 X 0 0 0 ALBERZINE FREEMAN DIRECTOR 2.0 4.0 X 0 0 0 JONATHAN THOMAS DIRECTOR 2.0 4.0 X 0 0 0 2507136 5594506 2765842 48 false true false AMERICAN CENTURY INVESTMENTS 4500 MAIN ST KANSAS CITY MO 64111 INDIRECT - SEE SCH O 148000 VA COMMERCIAL ROOFING 610 N 9TH STREET SAINT MARYS KS 66536 ROOF REPAIR 320625 TRANSNETYX INC PO BOX 21908 NEW YORK NY 10087 BIOTECHNOLOGY 148093 3 0 0 0 43100000 5973731 721652 43124000 49795383 COLLABORATION FEE FROM HHMI 501(C)(3) 900099 182534 182534 182534 1213977 1213977 0 1024358 1024358 15757 15757 0 0 0 89010656 200199 92599253 140553 -3588597 59646 -3529031 -3529031 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OTHER REBATES & REVENUE 900099 62160 62160 62160 48749381 182534 0 -1228536 5000 5000 0 0 0 1032517 929265 103252 0 815278 733750 81528 0 23621461 21259315 2362146 0 2846434 2561791 284643 0 4044468 3640021 404447 0 1325809 1193228 132581 0 0 18255 0 18255 0 0 0 0 1488 0 1488 0 502858 452572 50286 0 0 119775 107797 11978 0 308696 277826 30870 0 511180 511180 0 0 2407929 2167136 240793 0 1027977 925179 102798 0 0 551649 496484 55165 0 0 0 9163217 9163217 0 0 0 COST-SHARING W/RELATED ORG 33788313 0 33788313 0 LAB SUPPLIES 6011891 6011891 0 0 PER CAPITA APPROP. 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KUMC IS THE ACADEMIC HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER FOR THE LARGEST PUBLIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY IN THE STATE OF KANSAS. KUMC OFFERS PROGRAMS AND SERVICES THAT FOCUS ON EDUCATION, RESEARCH, PATIENT CARE, AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT. AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022, FIVE KUMC STUDENTS HAVE RECEIVED M.S. DEGREES AND 49 KUMC STUDENTS HAVE RECEIVED PH.D. DEGREES FOR THESIS WORK PERFORMED IN STOWERS INSTITUTE LABS. KUMC IS AFFILIATED WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS HEALTH SYSTEM, A NONPROFIT INDEPENDENT HOSPITAL SYSTEM CO-LOCATED WITH THE MAIN KUMC CAMPUS IN KANSAS CITY, KANSAS. IN 2022, 14 STOWERS RESEARCH PROGRAM LEADERS SERVED AS ADJUNCT FACULTY IN THREE KUMC DEPARTMENTS. THESE APPOINTMENTS INCLUDED NINE FULL PROFESSORS, ONE ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, AND FOUR ASSISTANT PROFESSORS. IN 2022, 35 OF THE STOWERS INSTITUTE'S 58 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS INCLUDED BOTH STOWERS INSTITUTE AND KUMC AFFILIATIONS. 10 KUMC STUDENTS PERFORMED PREDOCTORAL RESEARCH IN STOWERS LABS IN 2022. THE STOWERS INSTITUTE IS ALSO A CONSORTIUM MEMBER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CANCER CENTER AT KUMC, A CANCER RESEARCH AND CARE PARTNERSHIP SPANNING TWO STATES AND INVOLVING COLLABORATION AMONG RESEARCHERS, PHYSICIANS, AND CANCER SUPPORT PROFESSIONALS IN BASIC, TRANSLATIONAL, AND CLINICAL RESEARCH AREAS. IN JUNE 2012, THE NIH'S NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (NCI) NAMED THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CANCER CENTER AN NCI-DESIGNATED CANCER CENTER, PART OF A PILLAR OF FEDERAL CANCER RESEARCH EFFORTS AND INTEGRAL TO THE NCI'S PROGRAMS FOR STUDYING, TREATING, AND PREVENTING CANCER. IN 2022, THE NCI NAMED THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CANCER CENTER AN NCI-DESIGNATED COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER - THE HIGHEST HONOR BESTOWED BY THE NCI, THE ONLY SUCH CENTER IN THE REGION, AND ONE OF ONLY 53 CENTERS IN THE UNITED STATES. IN 2022, 10 STOWERS RESEARCH PROGRAM LEADERS WERE MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CANCER CENTER'S CANCER BIOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAM, INCLUDING LINHENG LI, PH.D., WHO SERVES AS CO-LEADER OF THE PROGRAM. IN 2022, STOWERS INVESTIGATOR LINHENG LI, PH.D., CONTINUED A COLLABORATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CANCER CENTER AND CHILDREN'S MERCY KANSAS CITY TO INVESTIGATE APPROACHES TO TREAT LEUKEMIA. THIS RESEARCH FOCUSES ON TARGETING CANCER STEM CELLS TO HELP REDUCE THE RECURRENCE OF CANCER AFTER A PATIENT GOES INTO REMISSION. THE COLLABORATION BUILDS ON FOUNDATIONAL RESEARCH FROM THE LI LAB THAT HAS CHARACTERIZED CANCER STEM CELLS AT MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR LEVELS AND HAS PRODUCED PEER-REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. CHILDREN'S MERCY IS THE SPONSOR OF A RELATED CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY, "LOW-DOSE DAUNORUBICIN IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY ACUTE LEUKEMIA," WHICH IS DESIGNED TO ASSESS THE FEASIBILITY AND TOLERABILITY OF ADMINISTERING A LOW DOSE OF THE DRUG TO PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML) OR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL), AND TO OBTAIN PRELIMINARY DATA ON THE DRUG ENGAGING ITS TARGET. IN 2022, STOWERS INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH SCIENTISTS COLLABORATED WITH RESEARCHERS AT 108 NATIONAL AND 102 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING DOZENS OF HOSPITALS, MEDICAL CENTERS, AND MEDICAL SCHOOLS. MANY OF THESE COLLABORATIONS RESULTED IN DISCOVERIES THAT MERITED PUBLICATION IN LEADING PEER-REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND/OR SUCCESSFULLY FUNDED GRANT AWARDS. THE STOWERS INSTITUTE PARTICIPATED IN RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE FOLLOWING US HOSPITALS, PURSUANT TO AN UNDERSTANDING TO MAINTAIN CONTINUING CLOSE COOPERATION IN THE ACTIVE CONDUCT OF MEDICAL RESEARCH IN 2022: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Towson, MD; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glen Head, NY; New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Ochsner Health System, Jefferson, LA; Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Tampa, FL; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; UConn Health, Farmington, CT; University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO AND Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. TO CARRY OUT THE RESEARCH DESCRIBED IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES, THE STOWERS INSTITUTE AND HOSPITAL, MEDICAL CENTER, OR MEDICAL SCHOOL ENTERED INTO A COOPERATION AGREEMENT PURSUANT TO WHICH THEY AGREED TO ESTABLISH, DEVELOP, ADMINISTER, AND MAINTAIN CONTINUING CLOSE COOPERATION IN THE ACTIVE CONDUCT OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, INCLUDING THROUGH SPECIFIC COOPERATIVE EFFORTS IN THE AREAS OF RESEARCH, SHARING OF INFORMATION, PURSUANT OF JOINT GRANTS, INTERACTION OF STAFF, ADJUNCT/JOINT APPOINTMENTS, AND SHARING OF FACILITIES. TO ASSURE THE SUCCESS OF THEIR COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP, EACH AGREED TO ENGAGE IN EFFECTIVE, COORDINATED, AND ONGOING PLANNING, OVERSIGHT, AND COMMUNICATION, AND TO COMMIT THE NECESSARY RESOURCES, BOTH HUMAN AND MONETARY, TO SUPPORT, FACILITATE, AND PROMOTE THE COOPERATION. JOINT MEDICAL RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INTESTINAL STEM CELLS - THE LI LAB PERFORMED JOINT MEDICAL RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF INTESTINAL STEM CELLS WITH COLLABORATORS AT CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER; DAVID GEFFEN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES; OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE; STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE; AND UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH CANCER INSTITUTE. INTESTINAL DISEASES RANGING FROM CROHN'S DISEASE TO COLITIS TO CANCER MAY BENEFIT FROM INTESTINAL STEM CELL THERAPIES. THIS RESEARCH ADVANCES THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGY OF STEM CELLS THAT RESIDE IN THE INTESTINE AND EXPLORES HOW THEY CAN BE USED TO TREAT AND CURE INTESTINAL DISEASES. THIS RESEARCH COLLABORATION IS SUPPORTED IN PART BY AN NIH GRANT AWARDED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES. JOINT MEDICAL RESEARCH ON SENSORY HAIR CELL REGENERATION - THE PIOTROWSKI LAB PERFORMED JOINT MEDICAL RESEARCH ON ZEBRAFISH HAIR CELL REGENERATION WITH COLLABORATORS AT THE STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, KECK SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, AND SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TORONTO, CANADA. IN HUMANS, HEARING LOSS CAUSED BY INNER EAR HAIR CELL DEGENERATION IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD SENSORY DISABILITIES IN THE WORLD WITH 30% OF PEOPLE BETWEEN AGES 65-75 BEING AFFECTED. IN HUMANS AND MAMMALS, HAIR CELLS ARE UNABLE TO REGENERATE, SO ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS OF HAIR CELLS IS PERMANENT. IN ZEBRAFISH, HOWEVER, HAIR CELLS REGENERATE THROUGHOUT LIFE. THE GOAL OF THIS WORK IS TO DETERMINE GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS UNDERLYING ZEBRAFISH HAIR CELL REGENERATION. THE RESULTS WILL HELP IDENTIFY STRATEGIES TO RESTORE LOST HAIR CELLS IN MAMMALS. THIS RESEARCH IS SUPPORTED IN PART BY A GRANT FROM THE HEARING HEALTH FOUNDATION. 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THE FIRST PURPOSE IS TO ESTABLISH A LECTURE SERIES PROGRAM WHERE SIMR HOSTS SCIENCE SPEAKERS FROM OTHER RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND UNIVERSITIES TO ENCOURAGE COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES WITH TOP SCIENTISTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD. THE SECOND PURPOSE IS TO SUPPORT A SPECIFIC SIMR LAB THAT STUDIES REGENERATION. THE THIRD PURPOSE IS TO SUPPORT STUDENT PAYMENT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR. SCHEDULE D, PART X, LINE 2 FIN 48 FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOOTNOTE FROM THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOWERS INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH (THE INSTITUTE) IS AS FOLLOWS: THE INSTITUTE RECOGNIZES THE EFFECT OF INCOME TAX POSITIONS ONLY IF THOSE POSITIONS ARE MORE LIKELY THAN NOT OF BEING SUSTAINED. RECOGNIZED INCOME TAX POSITIONS ARE MEASURED AT THE LARGEST AMOUNT THAT IS GREATER THAN 50% LIKELY OF BEING REALIZED. X true true X X X X X false true false true false false false false false RICHARD W BROWN DIRECTOR/CHAIR 0 2771091 0 0 0 42771 0 45750 0 21149 0 2880761 0 0 CHARLES GERMAN DIRECTOR/SECRETARY 0 1040079 0 0 0 18978 0 45750 0 21300 0 1126107 0 0 BRENT KREIDER COO THRU 3/31/22/DIRECTOR 0 702298 0 0 0 10242 0 45750 0 26686 0 784976 0 0 ROBERT E KRUMLAUF SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR EMERITUS 318882 0 0 0 255851 0 45750 0 23755 0 644238 0 0 0 PENNY M SPENCE CFO 0 537007 0 0 0 780 0 45750 0 16496 0 600033 0 0 R SCOTT HAWLEY INVESTIGATOR 321411 0 0 0 4036 0 45750 0 21300 0 392497 0 0 0 KAUSIK SI SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR 415185 0 0 0 1125 0 1045750 0 28148 0 1490208 0 0 0 MATTHEW C GIBSON INVESTIGATOR 287475 0 0 0 1112 0 1043847 0 28506 0 1360940 0 0 0 ALEJANDRO SNCHEZ ALVARADO DIR/CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER 114350 0 0 0 88381 0 17153 0 0 0 219884 0 0 0 JERRY L WORKMAN INVESTIGATOR 388368 0 0 0 26171 0 45750 0 12812 0 473101 0 0 0 GEORGE L SATTERLEE DIRECTOR AS OF 1/1/22 0 467828 0 0 0 3432 0 45750 0 21474 0 538484 0 0 LINHENG LI INVESTIGATOR 281357 0 0 0 3432 0 42929 0 28537 0 356255 0 0 0 SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 1A SIMR paid for first-class travel for Alejandro Sanchez Alvarado in one instance, and Scott Hawley in two instances. Neither individual was taxed on the benefit since the travel was for business purposes. SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 4B 2022 2022 ACCRUAL DISTRIBUTION KAUSIK SI 1,000,000 - MATT GIBSON 1,000,000 - SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 5A SIMR MADE A PAYMENT OF $251,090 TO ROBERT E. KRUMLAUF, SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR. THIS PAYMENT REPRESENTS THE PORTION OF THE NET ROYALTIES RECEIVED BY SIMR FOR LICENSED SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY TECHNOLOGY THAT IS PAYABLE TO ROBERT E. KRUMLAUF, PH.D., FOR HIS PARTICIPATION IN THE DISCOVERY. TATJANA PIOTROWSKI PHD SEE PART V 263602 EMPLOYEE OF SIMR false SCHEDULE L, PART IV, LINE 1 TATJANA PIOTROWSKI, PH.D, IS THE SPOUSE OF ALEJANDRO SNCHEZ ALVARADO, CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER OF SIMR. MS. PIOTROWSKI IS AN INVESTIGATOR AT SIMR. HER PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT BEFORE SIMR WAS WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH'S SCHOOL OF MEDICINE WHERE SHE WAS AN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROBIOLOGY AND ANATOMY. X 3 24000 OPINION OF EXPERTS X 3 43100000 FMV 0 false true false SCHEDULE M, PART I, COLUMN B THE AMOUNTS SHOWN IN PART I, COLUMN (B) FOR "NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS" REPRESENTS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1 THE STOWERS INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH ("SIMR") PERFORMS MEDICAL RESEARCH IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST WITH THE GOAL OF EXPANDING THE UNDERSTANDING OF FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN LIVING CELLS AND IMPROVING LIFE'S QUALITY THROUGH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE CAUSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF DISEASE. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A 2022 Program Service Accomplishments The Stowers Institute for Medical Research ("Stowers Institute"Institute") is a private, nonprofit medical research organization. The Institute was founded in 1994 by Jim and Virginia Stowers, who each survived a bout with cancer and subsequently dedicated their fortune to supporting fundamental research in molecular and cell biology, development, regeneration, genetics, and neuroscience that will provide long-term solutions to human diseases. The Stowers Institute conducts basic biomedical research in the public interest that will ultimately provide a greater understanding of the genes, proteins, and biological processes that control how cells in our bodies multiply, form tissues, and die. Studying the fundamental biology of cells and organisms enables scientists to discover how genes and molecular processes cause many diseases, including cancer, birth defects, and dementia. History has shown that foundational medical research is often a key first step in the development of new treatments, cures, and preventions for many human diseases. 2022 Notable Research Results In 2022, Stowers research teams made discoveries meriting publication in leading peer-reviewed scientific journals - 58 original research papers in all. Stowers research teams also produced 24 other publications including reviews, commentaries, book chapters, and books. Some of the highlights among these papers and other advances involving Stowers research include the following: The Gerton Lab participated in a multi-institutional, international collaboration to fill in approximately 100 gaps in the DNA sequence of Human Genome Project, thus generating the first complete human reference genome. The missing genetic sequences were particularly difficult to assemble due to their length, similarity, and repetition. Stowers researchers contributed to the development of imaging techniques, DNA amplification methods, and bioinformatics approaches to determine the exact number and location of these repetitive regions, which happen to be important components of human genetic makeup and diversity. This research effort resulted in three articles published on April 1, 2022, in Science. The Gibson Lab developed a precise operational model for the stinging organelle of the starlet sea anemone, providing crucial insights into the extraordinarily complex architecture and firing mechanism of stinging organelles. This work revealed that the energy required for piercing and poisoning a target with the stinger is stored within multiple organelle substructures. The researchers characterized the explosive discharge and biomechanical transformation of the stinger during firing. Insights from the work could lead to beneficial applications in medicine, including the development of microscopic therapeutic delivery devices for humans. This report was published on June 17, 2022, in Nature Communications. The Halfmann Lab uncovered mechanistic details about a switch-like property of the immune system. In response to a very small stimulus such as an invading molecule, a large protein complex called a signalosome is assembled which activates the immune system in an all-or-nothing fashion. They found that a large energy barrier prevents signalosome assembly from easily occurring but that this same barrier enables an adapter protein that encodes the switch to naturally be supersaturated within a cell. This in turn increases the certainty and rapidity of assembly at some point in the cell's future. The findings have broad implications for uncovering the causes and progression of inflammatory illness and other age-related diseases like Alzheimer's. This research was published on June 21, 2022, in eLife. The Piotrowski Lab discovered that in zebrafish, the regeneration of sensory hair cells occurs in three sequential phases. These cells, which help the fish detect water movement, are very similar to hair cells of the human inner ear that allow us to hear, except that human hair cells do not regenerate. Identifying detailed molecular mechanisms that allow zebrafish hair cell regeneration to occur can help reveal how this process is blocked or not occurring in mammals. This study was published on March 21, 2022, in Developmental Cell. Related research from the lab uncovered how macrophages, a type of white blood cell, are activated when repairing and regenerating zebrafish sensory hair cells. A single population of macrophages sequentially and independently transitions between three anti-inflammatory phases, a finding that has potential application for designing regenerative immunotherapies in humans. This work was published on September 20, 2022, in Nature Communications. The Rohner Lab investigated how cavefish have developed unique metabolic adaptations to survive in extreme environments that are usually nutrient-scarce except for brief "feast" periods of intense feeding. Despite having high levels of body fat and blood sugar which can be associated with metabolic disorders in humans, the fish remain healthy. The researchers identified many DNA elements that were similar in the genomes of two different cavefish populations but dissimilar in their river fish cousins. Knowledge about the role these cavefish DNA elements play in metabolism may potentially help determine targets for drugs treating metabolic conditions in humans. This study was published on June 17, 2022, in Nature Genetics. The SNCHEZ Alvarado Lab discovered a new isolate of flatworms located in Guanajuato, Mexico, while leading a group of undergraduate students in a developmental biology workshop. The new isolate named Girardia sp. (Guanajuato) is similar in many ways to several widely studied flatworm species but has several unique features including an unusual method of locomotion and a resistance to radiation, potentially applicable to human cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. This research was published on June 13, 2022, in Developmental Biology. Other research from the lab led to novel findings about sex chromosome evolution in an island-specific flatworm strain and the positioning of flatworms as a new genetic system for studying natural variation in regeneration and aging traits. This work was published on June 1, 2022, in Nature. The Trainor Lab published two studies investigating genetic mutations that result in severe craniofacial conditions like Treacher-Collins Syndrome. Congenital craniofacial defects arise from disruptions early in the development of cells responsible for forming cartilage, tissue, and bone of the head and face. The studies examined the effects of mutations in subunits of RNA Polymerase I and Nucleolin on cell function and craniofacial development in mice and zebrafish. A comprehensive understanding the basis for congenital conditions using research models of the diseases may lead to discoveries on how to prevent them. These studies were published on June 28, 2022, in Development and on July 26, 2022, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. The Workman Lab published a pair of studies revealing a key link between two biological processes involved in creating protein complexity out of information stored in the human genome. Using a human cell line, the researchers demonstrated a direct, physical linkage between the processes of transcription, which creates protein-producing instructions from a gene, and alternative splicing, which generates different versions of the instructions giving rise to related but distinct proteins. A protein involved in the direct interaction, SETD2, is mutated in many cancers, especially in kidney carcinoma. This work provides new information that can now be studied for its relevance in the context of cancers and as a target for regulating alternative splicing. These studies were published on November 18, 2021, and March 4, 2022, in Nature Communications. The Zanders Lab discovered that a rule-breaking selfish gene family has persisted for over 100 million years. Selfish genes violate the general law of inheritance so that they are inherited by offspring at a rate higher than 50%. The researchers discovered that the wtf selfish gene family in four different yeast species has evaded natural selection at least 10 times longer than believed possible, transforming how scientists may search for similar genes in other species. In related research, the lab uncovered new details about how the wtf4 gene uses a poison-antidote system to increase its transmission to the next generation, specifically the timing and distribution of poison and antidote proteins in developing yeast spores. These findings may have implications for designing systems utilizing selfish genes for pathogenic pest or vector-borne disease control. The study was published on December 7, 2022, in eLife. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A - CONT'D Comprehensive Lists of 2022 Original Research Papers, Reviews, Commentaries, Chapters, and Books Original Research Papers 1. Nr6a1 controls Hox expression dynamics and is a master regulator of vertebrate trunk development. Chang YC, Manent J, Schroeder J, Wong SFL, Hauswirth GM, Shylo NA, Moore EL, Achilleos A, Garside V, Polo JM, Trainor P, McGlinn E. Nat Commun. 2022;13:7766 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35303-4. 2. S. pombe wtf use dual transcriptional regulation and selective protein exclusion from spores to cause meiotic drive. Nuckolls NL, Nidamangala Srinivasa A, Mok AC, Helston RM, Bravo Nunez MA, Lange JJ, Gallagher TJ, Seidel CW, Zanders SE. PLos Genet. 2022:e1009847 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009847. 3. Deciphering the role of retinoic acid in hepatic patterning and induction in the mouse. Guertin TM, Palaria A, Mager J, Sandell LL, Trainor PA, Tremblay KD. Dev Biol. 2022;491:31-42. 4. Genome-wide quantification of contributions to sexual fitness identifies genes required for spore viability and health in fission yeast. Billmyre RB, Eickbush MT, Craig CJ, Lange JJ, Wood C, Helston RM, Zanders SE. PLoS Genet. 2022;18:e1010462 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010462. 5. Rap1 prevents fusions between long telomeres in fission yeast. Pan L, Tormey D, Bobon N, Baumann P. EMBO J. 2022:e110458. 6. Paramutation-like epigenetic conversion by piRNA at the telomere of Drosophila virilis. Dorador AP, Dalikova M, Cerbin S, Stillman CM, Zych MG, Hawley RS, Miller DE, Ray DA, Funikov SY, Evgen'ev MB, Blumenstiel JP. Biology (Basel). 2022;11 doi: 10.3390/biology11101480. 7. Semi-automated assembly of high-quality diploid human reference genomes. 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Competitive Research Grant Funding & Research Awards & Distinctions The ability of Stowers scientists to receive competitively awarded research funding attests to the high level of research productivity present at the Institute. During 2022, Stowers scientists worked with the support of 39 grants and fellowships from the National Institutes of Health, three grants from the National Science Foundation, two fellowships from the National Science Foundation, one award from the Searle Scholars Program, one award from the Pew Charitable Trusts, one grant from the American Cancer Society, one grant from BioNexus KC, one grant from the Hearing Health Foundation, two grants from the University of Kansas Cancer Center, one grant from the American Society for Cell Biology, one fellowship from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, one fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and one investigator award from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Support from new and continuing awards to the Stowers Institute totaled more than $6.3 million in 2022 to supplement income from its endowments. Testifying to the high level of achievement taking place at the Stowers Institute are the awards and honors Stowers members received in 2022: - Jennifer Gerton, Ph.D., received an R01 research grant from the National Institutes of Health. - Paul Kulesa, Ph.D., received an R21 research grant from the National Institutes of Health. - Ariel Bazzini, Ph.D., received an R21 research grant from the National Institutes of Health. - C. Ron Yu, Ph.D., received an R01 research grant renewal from the National Institutes of Health. - Jerry Workman, Ph.D., received an R35 research grant renewal from the National Institutes of Health. - Soma Dash, Ph.D., received a K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award from the National Institutes of Health. - Jasmin Camacho, Ph.D., received a Hanna H. Gray Fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and a postdoctoral diversity enrichment award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. - Ansa Cobham, Ph.D., received a grant from the American Society for Cell Biology and a scholarship from the International Federation of Cell Biology. - Kaelan Brennan received an F31 predoctoral fellowship from the National Institutes of Health. - Emma Moore received an F31 predoctoral fellowship from the National Institutes of Health. Independent Research Program Leaders Laboratories Individual scientists at the Stowers Institute perform fundamental biomedical research by studying research organisms, tissues, and cells to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease. A comprehensive list of research leaders follows: - Alejandro SNCHEZ Alvarado, Ph.D., Executive Director and Chief Scientific Officer, Priscilla Wood Neaves Endowed Chair in the Biomedical Sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2011 from the University of Utah's School of Medicine, where he held the H.A. & Edna Benning Professorship of Neurobiology and Anatomy. He received a B.S. in molecular biology and chemistry from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, and a Ph.D. in pharmacology and cell biophysics from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in Cincinnati, Ohio. Research focus: the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning animal regeneration using the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea and other research organisms. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A - CONT'D - Ariel Bazzini, Ph.D., Associate Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2016 from the lab of Antonio J. Giraldez, Ph.D., in the Department of Genetics at Yale University, where he completed a postdoctoral fellowship. Bazzini received his Ph.D. in molecular biology at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. For his doctoral dissertation, he studied plant genetics at the Institute of Biotechnology in Argentina's National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). Research focus: the regulation of gene expression in vertebrates. - Jennifer Gerton, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2002 from a postdoctoral fellowship in the laboratory of Joseph DeRisi, Ph.D., in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California-San Francisco. Gerton received a Ph.D. in microbiology and immunology from Stanford University. Research focus: genomic and genetic analysis of chromosome segregation and chromosome dynamics. - Matthew Gibson, Ph.D., Investigator and Dean of the Graduate School, joined the Stowers Institute in 2006 from a Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund postdoctoral fellowship with Norbert Perrimon, Ph.D., at Harvard Medical School. Gibson received a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Washington. Research focus: genetic analysis of mechanisms controlling signal transduction, cell proliferation, and epithelial morphogenesis during fruit fly, sea anemone, and coral development. - Randal Halfmann, Ph.D., Associate Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2015 from The University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center. He received a Ph.D. in biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellow. After completing his graduate studies, Halfmann obtained an independent position at UT Southwestern Medical Center where he was a Sara and Frank McKnight Fellow and received a Director's Early Independence Award from the National Institutes of Health. Research focus: Cellular and evolutionary implications of protein self-assembly using genetic, biochemical, and cell-biological approaches. - R. Scott Hawley, Ph.D., Investigator and Dean Emeritus of the Graduate School, joined the Stowers Institute in 2001 from the University of California-Davis where he was a professor of genetics in the Molecular and Cellular Biology section. Hawley earned a Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Washington and completed postdoctoral training as a Helen Hay Whitney Fellow at the Institute for Cancer Research in Philadelphia. Research focus: investigation of mechanisms that influence how chromosomes pair and segregate during meiosis using Drosophila as an experimental system. - Robert Krumlauf, Ph.D., Scientific Director Emeritus and Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2000 from England's National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, where he was head of the Division of Developmental Neurobiology. Krumlauf received a Ph.D. in developmental biology from Ohio State University. Research focus: analysis of molecular pathways that regulate how the mammalian head, brain and nervous system are built, using a variety of vertebrate research organisms. - Linheng Li, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2000 from the University of Washington Medical Center where he held a faculty appointment after completing postdoctoral training in the laboratory directed by Leroy Hood, M.D., Ph.D. Li earned his Ph.D. in molecular and cellular biology from New York University Medical School under the mentoring of Edward Ziff, Ph.D. Research focus: Investigation of molecular and genetic pathways controlling adult stem cell development in the hematopoietic and intestinal systems using transgenic and gene targeting animal model approaches. - Tatjana Piotrowski, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2011 from the University of Utah's School of Medicine, where she was an associate professor in the Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy. She received her master's degree from the University of Tubingen, Germany, and her doctorate degree from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tubingen. Research focus: collective cell migration, cell type specification, and stem cell biology in zebrafish as a research system. - Nicolas Rohner, Ph.D., Associate Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2015 from Harvard Medical School, where he was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Cliff Tabin, Ph.D. Rohner earned a Ph.D. in biology from the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tubingen, Germany. Research focus: genetic mechanisms and mutations that underlie the animal kingdom's tremendous diversity in morphology, physiology, and behavior. - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2022 from the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom, where she continues to hold a professor position. Sauka-Spengler earned a Ph.D. in physics and a Ph.D. in biology from the University of Paris and completed postdoctoral training in the lab of Marianne Bronner, Ph.D., at the California Institute of Technology. Research focus: decoding the gene regulatory networks involved in cell function of the neural crest, heart, and nervous system to uncover the mechanisms underpinning inflammation and regeneration and how they have evolved. - Kausik Si, Ph.D., Scientific Director and Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2005 from the laboratory of Eric Kandel, M.D., at Columbia University Center for Neurobiology and Behavior where he was a Jane Coffin Childs Fellow and a Francis Goelet Fellow in Neuroscience. Si earned a Ph.D. in molecular biology from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Research focus: role of synaptic protein synthesis in information acquisition and memory storage. - Paul Trainor, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2001 from a research position at the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, London, where he completed postdoctoral training. Trainor has a Ph.D. in developmental biology from Children's Medical Research Institute at the University of Sydney, Australia. Research focus: investigation of the interactions between distinct tissues in the body and their regulation during normal development to reveal pathways that regulate normal cranial and facial development. - Jerry Workman, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2003 from the Pennsylvania State University where he held the Paul Berg Professorship of Biochemistry and was an Associate Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Workman earned a Ph.D. in cell and molecular biology from the University of Michigan and completed postdoctoral training at the Rockefeller University with Bob Roeder, Ph.D. Research focus: study of the protein complexes that modify chromatin. - C. Ron Yu, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2005 from the laboratory of Richard Axel, M.D., at Columbia University Center for Neurobiology and Behavior where he held a National Institutes of Health Mentored Research Scientist Award from the National Institute of Mental Health. Yu earned his Ph.D. in molecular, cellular, and biophysical studies at Columbia University. Research focus: how olfactory sensory information is detected, integrated, and processed in the brain to influence specific innate behaviors. - SaraH Zanders, Ph.D., Associate Investigator and Vice Dean of the Graduate School, joined the Stowers Institute in 2016 after completion of her postdoctoral training in basic sciences at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutch) with support from a Pathway to Independence Award from the National Institutes of Health. Fred Hutch faculty members Harmit S. Malik, Ph.D., and Gerry Smith, Ph.D., advised her research on fertility, genome evolution, and the origin of new species. Zanders received her Ph.D. in genetics and development from Cornell University. Research focus: the effects of genetic conflicts caused by selfish genes that are embedded in eukaryotic genomes. - Julia Zeitlinger, Ph.D., Investigator, joined the Stowers Institute in 2007 from the lab of Richard Young, Ph.D., at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where she was the recipient of a long-term postdoctoral fellowship from the Human Frontier Science Program. Zeitlinger earned a Ph.D. in molecular biology from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany. Research focus: analysis of the gene regulatory networks underlying cellular differentiation. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2 JONATHAN THOMAS, RICHARD W. BROWN, DAVID A. WELTE, BRENT KREIDER, CHARLES GERMAN, ALBERZINE FREEMAN, AND ALEJANDRO SNCHEZ ALVARADO, ALL DIRECTORS OF SIMR, HAVE A BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP. JONATHAN THOMAS, RICHARD W. BROWN, CHARLES GERMAN, BRENT KREIDER, AND ALBERZINE FREEMAN, DIRECTORS OF SIMR, AND PENNY SPENCE, OFFICER OF SIMR, HAVE A BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP. RICHARD W. BROWN, CHARLES GERMAN, GEORGE L. SATTERLEE AND BRENT KREIDER, DIRECTORS OF SIMR, AND PENNY SPENCE, OFFICER OF SIMR, HAVE A BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE DATA AND INFORMATION NECESSARY TO PREPARE SIMR'S FORM 990 WAS COMPILED BY SIMR'S ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT AND THEN REVIEWED BY THE INSTITUTE'S TAX ATTORNEY AT BRYAN CAVE LEIGHTON PAISNER, LLP. FORVIS, LLP, THE INSTITUTE'S EXTERNAL TAX PREPARERS, USED THIS INFORMATION TO PREPARE THE FORM 990. THE COMPLETED FORM 990, INCLUDING REQUIRED SCHEDULES, IS REVIEWED BY THE OFFICERS OF SIMR BEFORE IT IS FILED WITH THE IRS. AFTER THE PREPARATION AND REVIEW PROCESS DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE FORM 990, INCLUDING REQUIRED SCHEDULES, IS PROVIDED TO EACH VOTING MEMBER OF THE ORGANIZATION'S BOARD BEFORE IT IS FILED WITH THE IRS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C SIMR HAS ADOPTED A "CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE POLICY". EACH DIRECTOR, OFFICER, AND ALL OTHER PERSONS IN A POSITION TO EXERCISE SUBSTANTIAL INFLUENCE OVER DECISIONS OF SIMR ARE REQUIRED TO ANNUALLY COMPLETE AND SIGN A DISCLOSURE STATEMENT THAT IS PART OF THE POLICY. A COVERED PERSON MUST ALSO DISCLOSE THE EXISTENCE OF A POTENTIAL CONFLICT AND ALL MATERIAL FACTS TO THE GOVERNING BOARD AS SOON AS THE PERSON HAS KNOWLEDGE THAT A POTENTIAL CONFLICT MIGHT EXIST. PER THE POLICY, THE BOARD THEN REVIEWS THE DISCLOSURE TO DETERMINE WHETHER A CONFLICT EXISTS. AFTER THE COVERED PERSON MAKES THE RELEVANT DISCLOSURE, THEY ARE RECUSED AND MAY NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS REGARDING THE TRANSACTION. SIMR CONDUCTS PERIODIC AND ADHOC REVIEWS OF TRANSACTIONS AND AGREEMENTS TO ENSURE THAT IT ENGAGES ONLY IN ACTIVITIES THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH ITS TAX-EXEMPT PURPOSE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A THE COMPENSATION FOR ALEJANDRO SNCHEZ ALVARADO, CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER, WAS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THE PROCEDURES OF TREAS. REG. SECTION 53.4958-6, INCLUDING (1) REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY SIMR'S COMPENSATION COMMITTEE COMPRISED OF INDEPENDENT PERSONS, (2) RELYING ON COMPARABILITY DATA, INCLUDING DATA PREPARED BY A NATIONALLY KNOWN COMPENSATION CONSULTANT REGARDING COMPARABLE SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR SIMILARLY QUALIFIED PERSONS IN FUNCTIONALLY COMPARABLE POSITIONS AT SIMILARLY SITUATED ORGANIZATIONS, AND (3) CONTEMPORANEOUS DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD KEEPING OF THE DELIBERATION AND DECISIONS REGARDING THE COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENT. THIS PROCESS WAS LAST UNDERTAKEN IN 2021. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15B THE COMPENSATION FOR KAUSIK SI, SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR, WAS ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THE PROCEDURES OF TREAS. REG. SECTION 53.4958-6, INCLUDING (1) REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY SIMR'S COMPENSATION COMMITTEE COMPRISED OF INDEPENDENT PERSONS, (2) RELYING ON COMPARABILITY DATA, INCLUDING DATA PREPARED BY A NATIONALLY KNOWN COMPENSATION CONSULTANT REGARDING COMPARABLE SALARY AND BENEFITS FOR SIMILARLY QUALIFIED PERSONS IN FUNCTIONALLY COMPARABLE POSITIONS AT SIMILARLY SITUATED ORGANIZATIONS, AND (3) CONTEMPORANEOUS DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD KEEPING OF THE DELIBERATION AND DECISIONS REGARDING THE COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENT. THIS PROCESS WAS LAST UNDERTAKEN IN 2021. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 SIMR'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART VII, SECTION B SIMR RECEIVES INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES FROM AMERICAN CENTURY INVESTMENTS ("ACI"). ACI IS A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF AMERICAN CENTURY COMPANIES, INC. ("ACCI"). IN SELECTING ACI TO MANAGE ITS LIQUID INVESTMENTS, SIMR NOT ONLY CHOSE A HIGH-QUALITY MUTUAL FUND COMPANY WITH AN OUTSTANDING TRACK RECORD, BUT ALSO PLACED ITS LIQUID INVESTMENTS IN A COMPANY IN WHICH IT OWNS STOCK AND RECEIVES DIVIDENDS. SIMR PAYS ACI THE SAME ADMINISTRATIVE FEES FOR THESE SERVICES AS ANY ARMS-LENGTH INVESTOR. THOSE INVESTMENT FEES FOR A SHARED INVESTMENT POOL ARE PAID BY ITS SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION, STOWERS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9 OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: UNCOLLECTIBLE GRANTS ($ 88,967) GRANTS RECEIVABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES CONSIST PRIMARILY OF AMOUNTS DUE FROM FEDERAL AND OTHER GRANT FUNDING AGENCIES ON A COST-REIMBURSABLE BASIS AND FROM OTHER NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS THAT REIMBURSE THE INSTITUTE PRIMARILY FOR COLLABORATION EXPENSES OR PROVIDE CONTRIBUTION TO THE INSTITUTE. BASED ON HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE, THESE RECEIVABLES ARE PAID IN FULL ON A TIMELY BASIS. HOWEVER, BASED ON REVIEW OF OUTSTANDING RECEIVABLES AND EXISTING CONDITIONS, AN ALLOWANCE FOR UNCOLLECTIBLE ACCOUNTS AND BAD DEBT & COLLECTION FEES ACCOUNTS WERE ESTABLISHED IN 2022 FOR $88,967. STOWERS SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION INSTITUTE 1000 EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 205916445 SUPPORT ORG DE 501(C)(3) 12A, I SIMR true STOWERS RESOURCE MANAGEMENTINC 1000 EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 412186719 SUPPORT ORG DE 501(C)(3) 12A, I SIMR true BIOMED VALLEY CORPORATION 1000 EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 743238244 SUPPORT ORG DE 501(C)(3) 12A, I SIMR true STOWERS REAL ESTATE HOLDING CORPORATION 1000 EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 261472230 TITLE HOLDING DE 501(C)(2) N/A SRM true STOWERS POLICY INSTITUTE INC 100O EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 203270502 SEE PART VII DE 501(C)(4) N/A SIMR true THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SIMR 1000 EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 464588696 EDUCATION MO 501(C)(3) 2 SIMR true STOWERS INVESTMENT HOLDING CORPORATION 1000 EAST 50TH STREET KANSAS CITY MO 64110 920365628 TITLE HOLDING DE 501(C)(2) N/A SRMSPI true BIOMED VALLEY DISCOVERIESINC 4435 MAIN ST SUITE 550 KANSAS CITY MO 64111 061646533 SEE PART VII DE BVC C CORP 0 0 true true false true false false false false false false true true false false true true true true true false BIOMED VALLEY DISCOVERIES INC A(iii 1004358 MARKET VALUE BIOMED VALLEY DISCOVERIES INC A(iv) 15757 MARKET VALUE STOWERS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INC C 43000000 MARKET VALUE STOWERS REAL ESTATE HOLDING CORP K 2230551 MARKET VALUE STOWERS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INC P 28961361 COST REIMB. THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SIMR P 824164 COST REIMB. BIOMED VALLEY DISCOVERIES INC P 84823 COST REIMB. BIOMED VALLEY DISCOVERIES INC Q 75370 COST REIMB. THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SIMR R 1980105 MARKET VALUE SCHEDULE R, PART II, LINE (5), COLUMN B STOWERS POLICY INSTITUTE INC'S. ("SPI") PRIMARY ACTIVITY IS TO PROMOTE INNOVATIVE AND ETHICAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, THERAPIES AND CURES, AND TO ADVOCATE FOR A POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT THAT ADVANCES, FACILITATES, AND PROTECTS THAT RESEARCH AND THOSE THERAPIES AND CURES. SCHEDULE R, PART IV, LINE (1), COLUMN B BIOMED VALLEY DISCOVERIES, INC.'S ("BVD") PRIMARY ACTIVITY IS THE DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. BIOMED VALLEY CORPORATION ("BVC") IS THE 100% OWNER OF BVD STOCK. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2 (1) BVD TYPE A, SIMR RECEIVES ROYALTY PAYMENTS FROM BVD PURSUANT TO AN AMENDED AND RESTATED DISCOVERY DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT DATED JULY 30, 2013. THESE ROYALTY PAYMENTS DO NOT CONSTITUTE GROSS INCOME DERIVED FROM AN UNRELATED TRADE OR BUSINESS UNDER SECTION 512(B)(13). THE ACTIVITY OF BVD WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME IF BVD WERE EXEMPT UNDER SECTION 501(C)(3) AND HAD THE SAME EXEMPT PURPOSE AS SIMR. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2 (2) BVD TYPE A, SIMR RECEIVES SUBLEASE PAYMENTS FROM BVD BASED ON COST FOR LESS THAN 300 SQ FT OF SPACE FOR A LIMITED USE PURPOSE. THE ACTIVITY OF BVD WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN UBTI IF BVD WERE EXEMPT UNDER 501(C)(3) AND HAD THE SAME EXEMPT PURPOSE AS SIMR. THEREFORE, NO PORTION OF THE RENT PAYMENTS FROM BVD CONSTITUTES UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME TO SIMR UNDER SECTION 512(B)(13). SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (3) SRM TYPE C, SRM PROVIDED FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO SIMR TO BE USED BY SIMR IN FURTHERANCE OF SIMR'S EXEMPT PURPOSE OF CONDUCTING MEDICAL RESEARCH. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (4) SREHC TYPE K, SIMR ENTERED INTO A LEASE EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2009 WITH SREHC, A 501(C)(2) TAX EXEMPT ORGANIZATION THAT IS A RELATED PARTY TO SIMR. THE LEASE HAS AN ORIGINAL TERM OF 10 YEARS WITH A PROVISION FOR ADDITIONAL OPTION YEARS FOR A 280,000 SQUARE FEET BUILDING. SIMR'S LEASE PAYMENTS TO SREHC IN 2022 TOTAL $2,230,551. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (5) SRM TYPE P, SIMR REIMBURSED SRM FOR COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SRM'S ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICES PROVIDED TO SIMR. SRM IS A SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION TO SIMR. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (6) GSSIMR TYPE P, SIMR REIMBURSED GSSIMR FOR CERTAIN STUDENT EXPENSES INCURRED DURING TIME SPENT IN SIMR LABS. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (7) BVD TYPE P, SIMR REIMBURSED BVD FOR SERVICES ON THE SERVICE COST METHOD. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (8) BVD TYPE Q, BVD REIMBURSED SIMR FOR SERVICES ON THE SERVICE COST METHOD. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (9) GSSIMR TYPE R, EACH ACADEMIC YEAR, SIMR PROVIDES GSSIMR WITH AN APPROPRIATION PURSUANT TO AN AMOUNT AGREED UPON BY SIMR AND GSSIMR. SIMR PROVIDES GSSIMR THE PER CAPITA APPROPRIATION OF $1,710,000 AND SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION OF $270,105 FOR THE TOTAL $1,980,105 IN 2022. SCHEDULE R, PART V, LINE 2, (10) ALL OTHER TRANSACTIONS FOR LINE 1 WERE BETWEEN 501(C)(3) PUBLIC CHARITIES AND BELOW REPORTING THRESHOLDS.