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        <IdentifierTxt>Annual Conference</IdentifierTxt>
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        <MediumExplanationTxt>The 2022 McKnight Conference on Neuroscience was held from Friday evening, June 10 through Monday morning, June 13, 2022. Ninety-one neuroscientists attended, including seven members of the board of directors of the McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience, seven members of the awards selection committees, three Doupe Fellows, and six guest speakers. McKnight Foundation representatives included Tonya Allen, president; Erika Binger, McKnight Foundation board member; Dana Anderson, McKnight Foundation board member; and Eileen Maler, McKnight program manager of neuroscience. Dana Anderson and Erika Binger also serve on the McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience board of directors. Fourteen McKnight award recipients and six guest speakers presented the findings of their brain research projects over the course of the weekend. The special lecture topics were: "Synapses lost and found in development and Alzheimer's Disease," presented by Carla Shatz; "Discovering and regulating brain networks underlying emotion," presented by Kafui Dzirasa; and "Update on the NIH Brain Initiative," presented by NIH Brain Initiative Director John Ngai. The Brain Disease workshop was on "Autism Spectrum Disorders included researchers Drs. Shafali Spurling Jeste (University of Southern California), Ami Klin (Emory University), and Loren Frank (University of California San Francisco). The other sessions included: * Award recipient scientific speaking presentations (three sessions) * The technology workshop (one session) * Technology demonstrations (one session) Since the conference program incorporates 15 minutes of question and answer following each presentation, the conference audience benefited from an open discussion of the research work presented. Additionally, the Tech Demo session is interactive and includes open discussions. The McKnight Conference on Neuroscience provides a forum for: 1) sharing of research developments by and between McKnight awardees through the formal presentations; 2) sharing of research work in informal discussions; and 3) monitoring by the board of directors and review committee members of the research work being supported by the McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience. The next McKnight Conference on Neuroscience is scheduled to be held June 9-12, 2023, in Aspen, CO. Fourteen recent recipients of a McKnight award and five guest speakers will present the findings of their brain research projects.</MediumExplanationTxt>
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        <MediumExplanationTxt>The McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience is an independent charitable organization established by The McKnight Foundation to carry out the intention of its founder, William L. McKnight (1887-1979). Mr. McKnight, who led the 3M company for three decades, had a personal interest in memory and its diseases and set aside part of his legacy to bring hope to those suffering from brain injury or disease and cognitive impairment. The Endowment Fund fulfills this mission by supporting innovative research in neuroscience through three competitive annual awards. The awards complement each other to support both young and established neuroscientists and to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration. Each in a different way, the three programs seek out investigators whose research shows promise in bringing society closer to preventions, treatments, and cures for many devastating diseases. Research supported by the Endowment Fund has furthered understanding of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries, and many other cognitive impairments. In 2021, the Endowment Fund created a Fellowship for McKnight awardees to hire an undergraduate student from a community underrepresented in neuroscience. The Endowment Fund is led by a board of eminent neuroscientists, with administrative support from the McKnight Foundation. Each award has its own selection committee, also made up of prominent scientists. The commitee recommends awardees, and the board has the final approval. McKnight Scholar Awards The McKnight Scholar Awards encourage neuroscientists in the early stages of their careers to focus on critical problems in brain science. These awards support young scientists who hold the M.D. and/or Ph.D. degree, who have completed formal postdoctoral training and who demonstrate a commitment to neuroscience. The Endowment Fund especially seeks applicants who demonstrate an interest in solving important problems in relevant areas of neuroscience, including the translation of basic research to clinical neuroscience. For descriptions of previous awards, please go to the Endowment Fund website. Each year up to six Scholars are selected to receive three years of support at $75,000 per year. At times the Endowment Fund board approves a seventh award. Funds may be used in any way that will facilitate development of the Scholar's research program, but not for indirect costs. Scholars must have authorization from the home institution to work in the U.S. and must hold full time appointments at the rank of assistant professor at their sponsoring institution (for no more than four years; allowances are made for parental leave); scientists holding other titles such as research assistant professor, adjunct assistant professor, assistant professor research track, visiting professor or instructor are not eligible. If the host institution does not use professorial titles, a letter from a senior institutional official (e.g., Dean or Director of Research) must confirm that the applicant has his/her own dedicated institutional resources, laboratory space, and/or facilities. Employees of the intramural program of the National Institutes of Health are not eligible. Application materials are due in early January and can be uploaded by accessing the online URL set up for this purpose. Each applicant must ensure that four letters of reference are submitted to an email account; these letters are an integral part of the application. Awards are announced in June and begin on July 1. McKnight Technological Innovations in Neuroscience Awards These awards encourage and support scientists working on the development of novel and creative approaches to understanding brain function. The Endowment Fund is interested in how a new technology may be used to monitor, manipulate, analyze, or model brain function at any level, from the molecular to the entire organism. The technology may take any form, from biochemical tools to instruments to software and mathematical approaches. Because the program seeks to advance and enlarge the range of technologies available to the neurosciences, research based primarily on existing techniques will not be considered. Collaborative and cross-disciplinary applications are encouraged. For descriptions of previous awards, please go to the Endowment Fund website. The first step is to submit a two-page letter of intent describing the project and how the technology involved will enrich the neurosciences and become accessible to other research in the field. Investigators must have authorization from the home institution to work in the U.S. and must hold full time appoitnments at the rank of assistant professor or higher at the sponsoring institution; scientists holding other titles such as research professor, adjunct professor, professor research track, visiting professor, or instructor are not eligible. If the host institution does not use professorial titles, a letter from a senior institutional official (e.g., Dean or Director of Research) must confirm that the applicant has his/her own dedicated institutional resources, laboratory space, and/or facilities. Employees of the intramural program of the National Institutes of Health are not eligible. Funds may be used toward a variety of research activities, but not the recipient's salary. The selection committee will invite a few applicants to send detailed proposals, from which up to three awards will be made. Each award provides $100,000 annually for two years. Letters of intent are due in early December and can be uploaded by accessing the online URL set up for this purpose. Awards are announced in July and begin on August 1. McKnight Neurobiology of Brain Disorders Award The Neurobiology of Brain Disorder Awards, developed in 2021 to replace the McKnight Memory and Cognitive Disorders Award, support neuroscientists who are working to apply the knowledge achieved through basic or clincial research to human brain disorders and who address the biology and mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders. They are designed to stimulate innovative approaches that might lead to therapies and cures. Competitive projects would include those that provide mechanistic insights into neurological functions at the synaptic, cellular, molecular, genetic, or behavioral level across different species, including humans and vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms, and that incorporate fundamentally new approaches that provide potential paths for therapeutic interventions. Collaborative and cross-disciplinary applications are encouraged. For descriptions of previous awards, please go to the Endowment Fund website. The first step is to submit a two-page letter of intent describing the project and how the research will be applied to improving the understanding of a brain disorder or disease. Investigators must have authorization from the home institution to work in the U.S. and must hold full time appointments at the rank of assistant professor or higher at the sponsoring institution; scientists holding other titles such as research professor, adjunct professor, professor research track, visiting professor, or instructor are not eligible. If the host institution does not use professorial titles, a letter from a senior institutional official (e.g., Dean or Director of Research) must confirm that the applicant has his/her own dedicated institutional resources, laboratory space, and/or facilities. Employees of the intramural program of the National Institutes of Health are not eligible. Funds may be used toward a variety of research activities, but not the recipient's salary. Since the Memory and Cognitive Disorders award is a three-year award, in 2022 payments were made to 2020 Memory and Cognitive Disorders Award receipients. The selection committee will invite a few applicants to submit detailed proposals, from which up to four awards will be selected. Each provides $100,000 annually for three years. Letters of intent are due in late March/early April and can be uploaded by accessing the online URL set up for this purpose. Awards are announced in December and begin February 1 of the following year. McKnight Matthew Pecot Fellowship The McKnight Pecot Fellowship, created in 2021, is named in honor of McKnight Scholar Awardee Matthew Pecot, who died in 2019. Matthew was a brilliant BIPOC neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School and a 2017 McKnight Scholar Awardee. He received his McKnight award for his work on identifying molecular principles underlying synaptic specificity. Matthew's McKnight work has contributed to identifying defects in neural connectivity, which underlie many neural psychiatric diseases. Up to six McKnight Endowment Fund current awardees are selected to receive $16,500 to hire an underrepresented college student to perform research in the McKnight awardee's lab.</MediumExplanationTxt>
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        <MediumExplanationTxt>For the purposes of this Fellowship, underrepresented includes, but is not limited to, persons of any ethnic or racial group underrepresented in the sciences, for example, any individual identifying as Hispanic, Black, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Alaska Native. In addition to supervising the Fellow's research activities, the McKnight awardee will provide mentorship and networking opportunities for the Fellow. Additionally, the Fellow will be invited to the McKnight Endowment Fund annual conference. The Pecot Fellowship is open to all current McKnight neuroscientists (including those in no-cost-extension). The nomination application includes a recommendation from the McKnight awardee; an essay on a scientific topic by the undergraduate who is being nominated; and the undergraduate's resume. Nominations are submitted in February/March and awardees are notified in April/May. A subcommittee of McKnight Endowment for Neuroscience board members selects the awards.</MediumExplanationTxt>
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