<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Return xmlns="http://www.irs.gov/efile" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" returnVersion="2022v5.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.irs.gov/efile">
  <ReturnHeader binaryAttachmentCnt="0">
    <ReturnTs>2023-04-25T21:21:29-07:00</ReturnTs>
    <TaxPeriodEndDt>2022-12-31</TaxPeriodEndDt>
    <PreparerFirmGrp>
      <PreparerFirmEIN>821279005</PreparerFirmEIN>
      <PreparerFirmName>
        <BusinessNameLine1Txt>ROSIE BARNDT CPA PC</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
      </PreparerFirmName>
      <PreparerUSAddress>
        <AddressLine1Txt>3382 MONIDA STREET</AddressLine1Txt>
        <CityNm>BOZEMAN</CityNm>
        <StateAbbreviationCd>MT</StateAbbreviationCd>
        <ZIPCd>59718</ZIPCd>
      </PreparerUSAddress>
    </PreparerFirmGrp>
    <ReturnTypeCd>990</ReturnTypeCd>
    <TaxPeriodBeginDt>2022-01-01</TaxPeriodBeginDt>
    <Filer>
      <EIN>743171967</EIN>
      <BusinessName>
        <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Headwaters Economics Inc</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
      </BusinessName>
      <BusinessNameControlTxt>HEAD</BusinessNameControlTxt>
      <PhoneNum>4065997425</PhoneNum>
      <USAddress>
        <AddressLine1Txt>PO Box 7059</AddressLine1Txt>
        <CityNm>Bozeman</CityNm>
        <StateAbbreviationCd>MT</StateAbbreviationCd>
        <ZIPCd>59771</ZIPCd>
      </USAddress>
    </Filer>
    <BusinessOfficerGrp>
      <PersonNm>Patricia Hernandez</PersonNm>
      <PersonTitleTxt>Executive Dir.</PersonTitleTxt>
      <SignatureDt>2023-04-25</SignatureDt>
      <DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd>true</DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd>
    </BusinessOfficerGrp>
    <SigningOfficerGrp>
      <PersonFullName>
        <PersonFirstNm>Patricia</PersonFirstNm>
        <PersonLastNm>Hernandez</PersonLastNm>
      </PersonFullName>
      <SSN>999009999</SSN>
    </SigningOfficerGrp>
    <IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd>true</IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd>
    <PreparerPersonGrp>
      <PreparerPersonNm>Rosie Barndt CPA PC</PreparerPersonNm>
      <PTIN>P01366717</PTIN>
      <PhoneNum>4062090411</PhoneNum>
      <SelfEmployedInd>X</SelfEmployedInd>
    </PreparerPersonGrp>
    <AdditionalFilerInformation>
      <TrustedCustomerGrp>
        <TrustedCustomerCd>2</TrustedCustomerCd>
        <AuthenticationAssuranceLevelCd>AAL1</AuthenticationAssuranceLevelCd>
        <IdentityAssuranceLevelCd>IAL1</IdentityAssuranceLevelCd>
        <FederatedAssuranceLevelCd>FAL1</FederatedAssuranceLevelCd>
      </TrustedCustomerGrp>
    </AdditionalFilerInformation>
    <TaxYr>2022</TaxYr>
    <BuildTS>2023-04-26 12:10:37Z</BuildTS>
  </ReturnHeader>
  <ReturnData documentCnt="8">
    <IRS990 documentId="IRS990" referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleO" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <PrincipalOfficerNm>Patricia Hernandez</PrincipalOfficerNm>
      <USAddress>
        <AddressLine1Txt>PO Box 7059</AddressLine1Txt>
        <CityNm>Bozeman</CityNm>
        <StateAbbreviationCd>MT</StateAbbreviationCd>
        <ZIPCd>59771</ZIPCd>
      </USAddress>
      <GrossReceiptsAmt>2599465</GrossReceiptsAmt>
      <GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd>false</GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd>
      <Organization501c3Ind>X</Organization501c3Ind>
      <WebsiteAddressTxt>headwaterseconomics.org</WebsiteAddressTxt>
      <TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd>X</TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd>
      <FormationYr>2006</FormationYr>
      <LegalDomicileStateCd>MT</LegalDomicileStateCd>
      <ActivityOrMissionDesc>Headwaters Economics, Inc. is an independent, nonprofit research group. Our mission is to improve community development and land management decisions.</ActivityOrMissionDesc>
      <VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt>7</VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt>
      <VotingMembersIndependentCnt>5</VotingMembersIndependentCnt>
      <TotalEmployeeCnt>14</TotalEmployeeCnt>
      <TotalGrossUBIAmt>0</TotalGrossUBIAmt>
      <PYContributionsGrantsAmt>3321692</PYContributionsGrantsAmt>
      <CYContributionsGrantsAmt>2416110</CYContributionsGrantsAmt>
      <PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>98437</PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>
      <CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>174734</CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt>
      <PYInvestmentIncomeAmt>601</PYInvestmentIncomeAmt>
      <CYInvestmentIncomeAmt>1942</CYInvestmentIncomeAmt>
      <PYOtherRevenueAmt>2498</PYOtherRevenueAmt>
      <CYOtherRevenueAmt>6679</CYOtherRevenueAmt>
      <PYTotalRevenueAmt>3423228</PYTotalRevenueAmt>
      <CYTotalRevenueAmt>2599465</CYTotalRevenueAmt>
      <PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>100000</PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>
      <CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>50000</CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt>
      <CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt>0</CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt>
      <PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>1199675</PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>
      <CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>1405350</CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt>
      <CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt>0</CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt>
      <CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt>23921</CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt>
      <PYOtherExpensesAmt>1081335</PYOtherExpensesAmt>
      <CYOtherExpensesAmt>1417594</CYOtherExpensesAmt>
      <PYTotalExpensesAmt>2381010</PYTotalExpensesAmt>
      <CYTotalExpensesAmt>2872944</CYTotalExpensesAmt>
      <PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>1042218</PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>
      <CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>-273479</CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt>
      <TotalAssetsBOYAmt>2869856</TotalAssetsBOYAmt>
      <TotalAssetsEOYAmt>2622842</TotalAssetsEOYAmt>
      <TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt>118735</TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt>
      <TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt>145200</TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt>
      <NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt>2751121</NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt>
      <NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt>2477642</NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt>
      <MissionDesc>Headwaters Economics, Inc. is an independent, nonprofit research group. Our mission is to improve community development and land management decisions.</MissionDesc>
      <SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd>false</SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd>
      <SignificantChangeInd>false</SignificantChangeInd>
      <ExpenseAmt>2587535</ExpenseAmt>
      <GrantAmt>50000</GrantAmt>
      <RevenueAmt>131939</RevenueAmt>
      <Desc>See supplemental information.</Desc>
      <TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt>2587535</TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt>
      <DescribedInSection501c3Ind referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleA">true</DescribedInSection501c3Ind>
      <ScheduleBRequiredInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleB">true</ScheduleBRequiredInd>
      <PoliticalCampaignActyInd>false</PoliticalCampaignActyInd>
      <LobbyingActivitiesInd>false</LobbyingActivitiesInd>
      <SubjectToProxyTaxInd>false</SubjectToProxyTaxInd>
      <DonorAdvisedFundInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</DonorAdvisedFundInd>
      <ConservationEasementsInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</ConservationEasementsInd>
      <CollectionsOfArtInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</CollectionsOfArtInd>
      <CreditCounselingInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</CreditCounselingInd>
      <DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd referenceDocumentId="IRSScheduleD">false</DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd>
      <ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">true</ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd>
      <ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd>
      <ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd>
      <ReportOtherAssetsInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</ReportOtherAssetsInd>
      <ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">true</ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd>
      <IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd>
      <IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">true</IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd>
      <ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleD">false</ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd>
      <SchoolOperatingInd>false</SchoolOperatingInd>
      <ForeignOfficeInd>false</ForeignOfficeInd>
      <ForeignActivitiesInd>false</ForeignActivitiesInd>
      <MoreThan5000KToOrgInd>false</MoreThan5000KToOrgInd>
      <MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd>false</MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd>
      <ProfessionalFundraisingInd>false</ProfessionalFundraisingInd>
      <FundraisingActivitiesInd>false</FundraisingActivitiesInd>
      <GamingActivitiesInd>false</GamingActivitiesInd>
      <OperateHospitalInd>false</OperateHospitalInd>
      <GrantsToOrganizationsInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleI">true</GrantsToOrganizationsInd>
      <GrantsToIndividualsInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleI">false</GrantsToIndividualsInd>
      <ScheduleJRequiredInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleJ">true</ScheduleJRequiredInd>
      <TaxExemptBondsInd>false</TaxExemptBondsInd>
      <EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd>false</EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd>
      <PYExcessBenefitTransInd>false</PYExcessBenefitTransInd>
      <LoanOutstandingInd>false</LoanOutstandingInd>
      <GrantToRelatedPersonInd>false</GrantToRelatedPersonInd>
      <BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd>false</BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd>
      <BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd>false</BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd>
      <BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd>false</BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd>
      <DeductibleNonCashContriInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleM">true</DeductibleNonCashContriInd>
      <DeductibleArtContributionInd referenceDocumentId="IRS990ScheduleM">false</DeductibleArtContributionInd>
      <TerminateOperationsInd>false</TerminateOperationsInd>
      <PartialLiquidationInd>false</PartialLiquidationInd>
      <DisregardedEntityInd>false</DisregardedEntityInd>
      <RelatedEntityInd>false</RelatedEntityInd>
      <RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd>false</RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd>
      <TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd>false</TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd>
      <ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd>false</ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd>
      <ScheduleORequiredInd>true</ScheduleORequiredInd>
      <IRPDocumentCnt>13</IRPDocumentCnt>
      <IRPDocumentW2GCnt>0</IRPDocumentW2GCnt>
      <BackupWthldComplianceInd>true</BackupWthldComplianceInd>
      <EmployeeCnt>14</EmployeeCnt>
      <EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd>true</EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd>
      <UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd>false</UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd>
      <ForeignFinancialAccountInd>false</ForeignFinancialAccountInd>
      <ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd>false</ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd>
      <TaxablePartyNotificationInd>false</TaxablePartyNotificationInd>
      <NondeductibleContributionsInd>false</NondeductibleContributionsInd>
      <QuidProQuoContributionsInd>false</QuidProQuoContributionsInd>
      <Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd>false</Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd>
      <Form8282FiledCnt>0</Form8282FiledCnt>
      <RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>false</RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>
      <PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>false</PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd>
      <Form8899Filedind>false</Form8899Filedind>
      <Form1098CFiledInd>false</Form1098CFiledInd>
      <IndoorTanningServicesInd>false</IndoorTanningServicesInd>
      <SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd>false</SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd>
      <SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd>false</SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd>
      <InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd>X</InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd>
      <GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt>7</GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt>
      <IndependentVotingMemberCnt>5</IndependentVotingMemberCnt>
      <FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd>false</FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd>
      <DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd>false</DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd>
      <ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd>false</ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd>
      <MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd>false</MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd>
      <MembersOrStockholdersInd>false</MembersOrStockholdersInd>
      <ElectionOfBoardMembersInd>false</ElectionOfBoardMembersInd>
      <DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd>false</DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd>
      <MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd>true</MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd>
      <MinutesOfCommitteesInd>true</MinutesOfCommitteesInd>
      <OfficerMailingAddressInd>false</OfficerMailingAddressInd>
      <LocalChaptersInd>false</LocalChaptersInd>
      <Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd>true</Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd>
      <ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd>true</ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd>
      <AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd>true</AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd>
      <RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd>true</RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd>
      <WhistleblowerPolicyInd>true</WhistleblowerPolicyInd>
      <DocumentRetentionPolicyInd>true</DocumentRetentionPolicyInd>
      <CompensationProcessCEOInd>true</CompensationProcessCEOInd>
      <CompensationProcessOtherInd>true</CompensationProcessOtherInd>
      <InvestmentInJointVentureInd>false</InvestmentInJointVentureInd>
      <UponRequestInd>X</UponRequestInd>
      <OtherInd>X</OtherInd>
      <BooksInCareOfDetail>
        <PersonNm>Dan Center</PersonNm>
        <PhoneNum>8456423280</PhoneNum>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>PO Box 7059</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Bozeman</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>MT</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>59771</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
      </BooksInCareOfDetail>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Patricia Hernandez</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Executive Dir.</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>162161</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>4865</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Kelly Pohl</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Sec/Treasurer</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>40.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>123874</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>15534</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Bob Buzzas</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Cathy Costakis</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Joe McCarty</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Carmen McSpadden</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>President</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>1.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <OfficerInd>X</OfficerInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Bill Stoddart</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director</TitleTxt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRt>
        <AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>0.00</AverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRt>
        <IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>X</IndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd>
        <ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
      </Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
      <TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt>286035</TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt>
      <TotalOtherCompensationAmt>20399</TotalOtherCompensationAmt>
      <IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>2</IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>
      <FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd>false</FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd>
      <TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd>true</TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd>
      <CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd>false</CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Azavea</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>990 Spring Garden 5th floor</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>Philadelphia</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>PA</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>19123</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Programming</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>217854</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Douglas Green</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
          </BusinessName>
        </ContractorName>
        <ContractorAddress>
          <USAddress>
            <AddressLine1Txt>345 North Rope Place</AddressLine1Txt>
            <CityNm>Sisters</CityNm>
            <StateAbbreviationCd>OR</StateAbbreviationCd>
            <ZIPCd>97759</ZIPCd>
          </USAddress>
        </ContractorAddress>
        <ServicesDesc>Planning</ServicesDesc>
        <CompensationAmt>173993</CompensationAmt>
      </ContractorCompensationGrp>
      <CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>2</CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt>
      <GovernmentGrantsAmt>1237000</GovernmentGrantsAmt>
      <AllOtherContributionsAmt>1179110</AllOtherContributionsAmt>
      <NoncashContributionsAmt>378343</NoncashContributionsAmt>
      <TotalContributionsAmt>2416110</TotalContributionsAmt>
      <ProgramServiceRevenueGrp>
        <Desc>Contracts</Desc>
        <BusinessCd>900099</BusinessCd>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>174734</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>174734</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
      </ProgramServiceRevenueGrp>
      <TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt>174734</TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt>
      <InvestmentIncomeGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>1942</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <ExclusionAmt>1942</ExclusionAmt>
      </InvestmentIncomeGrp>
      <IncmFromInvestBondProceedsGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </IncmFromInvestBondProceedsGrp>
      <RoyaltiesRevenueGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </RoyaltiesRevenueGrp>
      <NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp>
      <NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp>
      <NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp>
      <NetIncomeFromGamingGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </NetIncomeFromGamingGrp>
      <NetIncomeOrLossGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>0</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
      </NetIncomeOrLossGrp>
      <OtherRevenueMiscGrp>
        <Desc>Other income</Desc>
        <BusinessCd>900099</BusinessCd>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>4335</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>4335</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
      </OtherRevenueMiscGrp>
      <OtherRevenueMiscGrp>
        <Desc>Reimbursements</Desc>
        <BusinessCd>900099</BusinessCd>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>2344</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>2344</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
      </OtherRevenueMiscGrp>
      <OtherRevenueTotalAmt>6679</OtherRevenueTotalAmt>
      <TotalRevenueGrp>
        <TotalRevenueColumnAmt>2599465</TotalRevenueColumnAmt>
        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>181413</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
        <ExclusionAmt>1942</ExclusionAmt>
      </TotalRevenueGrp>
      <InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd>X</InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd>
      <GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>50000</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>50000</ProgramServicesAmt>
      </GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp>
      <GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp>
      <ForeignGrantsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </ForeignGrantsGrp>
      <BenefitsToMembersGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </BenefitsToMembersGrp>
      <CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>306433</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>246412</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>45804</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>14217</FundraisingAmt>
      </CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp>
      <CompDisqualPersonsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </CompDisqualPersonsGrp>
      <OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>891710</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>824488</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>67222</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp>
      <PensionPlanContributionsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>25666</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>24663</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>944</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>59</FundraisingAmt>
      </PensionPlanContributionsGrp>
      <OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>90984</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>87729</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>3042</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>213</FundraisingAmt>
      </OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp>
      <PayrollTaxesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>90557</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>85123</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>3387</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>2047</FundraisingAmt>
      </PayrollTaxesGrp>
      <FeesForServicesManagementGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </FeesForServicesManagementGrp>
      <FeesForServicesLegalGrp>
        <TotalAmt>5144</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>5144</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </FeesForServicesLegalGrp>
      <FeesForServicesAccountingGrp>
        <TotalAmt>35508</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>35508</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </FeesForServicesAccountingGrp>
      <FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp>
      <FeesForServicesProfFundraising>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </FeesForServicesProfFundraising>
      <FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp>
      <FeesForServicesOtherGrp>
        <TotalAmt>694129</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>694129</ProgramServicesAmt>
      </FeesForServicesOtherGrp>
      <AdvertisingGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </AdvertisingGrp>
      <OfficeExpensesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>26708</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>23912</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>2489</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>307</FundraisingAmt>
      </OfficeExpensesGrp>
      <InformationTechnologyGrp>
        <TotalAmt>448877</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>401880</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>41835</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>5162</FundraisingAmt>
      </InformationTechnologyGrp>
      <RoyaltiesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </RoyaltiesGrp>
      <OccupancyGrp>
        <TotalAmt>56969</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>51004</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>5310</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>655</FundraisingAmt>
      </OccupancyGrp>
      <TravelGrp>
        <TotalAmt>19224</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>17211</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>1792</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>221</FundraisingAmt>
      </TravelGrp>
      <PymtTravelEntrtnmntPubOfclGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </PymtTravelEntrtnmntPubOfclGrp>
      <ConferencesMeetingsGrp>
        <TotalAmt>73254</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>65585</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>6827</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>842</FundraisingAmt>
      </ConferencesMeetingsGrp>
      <InterestGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </InterestGrp>
      <PaymentsToAffiliatesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </PaymentsToAffiliatesGrp>
      <DepreciationDepletionGrp>
        <TotalAmt>12457</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>11153</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>1161</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>143</FundraisingAmt>
      </DepreciationDepletionGrp>
      <InsuranceGrp>
        <TotalAmt>4743</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>4246</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>442</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>55</FundraisingAmt>
      </InsuranceGrp>
      <OtherExpensesGrp>
        <Desc>Professional development</Desc>
        <TotalAmt>40581</TotalAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>40581</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
      </OtherExpensesGrp>
      <AllOtherExpensesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </AllOtherExpensesGrp>
      <TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp>
        <TotalAmt>2872944</TotalAmt>
        <ProgramServicesAmt>2587535</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>261488</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>23921</FundraisingAmt>
      </TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp>
      <CashNonInterestBearingGrp>
        <BOYAmt>142485</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>113499</EOYAmt>
      </CashNonInterestBearingGrp>
      <SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1163513</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1395395</EOYAmt>
      </SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp>
      <PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1146340</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>708887</EOYAmt>
      </PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp>
      <AccountsReceivableGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </AccountsReceivableGrp>
      <ReceivablesFromOfficersEtcGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </ReceivablesFromOfficersEtcGrp>
      <RcvblFromDisqualifiedPrsnGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </RcvblFromDisqualifiedPrsnGrp>
      <OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp>
      <InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp>
      <PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp>
      <LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt>498289</LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt>
      <LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt>93428</LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt>
      <LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp>
        <BOYAmt>417318</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>404861</EOYAmt>
      </LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp>
      <InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp>
      <InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp>
      <InvestmentsProgramRelatedGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </InvestmentsProgramRelatedGrp>
      <IntangibleAssetsGrp>
        <EOYAmt>0</EOYAmt>
      </IntangibleAssetsGrp>
      <OtherAssetsTotalGrp>
        <BOYAmt>200</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>200</EOYAmt>
      </OtherAssetsTotalGrp>
      <TotalAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>2869856</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>2622842</EOYAmt>
      </TotalAssetsGrp>
      <AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp>
        <BOYAmt>42865</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>69871</EOYAmt>
      </AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp>
      <DeferredRevenueGrp>
        <BOYAmt>22837</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>17673</EOYAmt>
      </DeferredRevenueGrp>
      <OtherLiabilitiesGrp>
        <BOYAmt>53033</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>57656</EOYAmt>
      </OtherLiabilitiesGrp>
      <TotalLiabilitiesGrp>
        <BOYAmt>118735</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>145200</EOYAmt>
      </TotalLiabilitiesGrp>
      <OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind>X</OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind>
      <NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1684522</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1846664</EOYAmt>
      </NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp>
      <DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1066599</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>630978</EOYAmt>
      </DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp>
      <TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
        <BOYAmt>2751121</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>2477642</EOYAmt>
      </TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
      <TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
        <BOYAmt>2869856</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>2622842</EOYAmt>
      </TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
      <ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt>-273479</ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt>
      <MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>X</MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>
      <AccountantCompileOrReviewInd>false</AccountantCompileOrReviewInd>
      <FSAuditedInd>true</FSAuditedInd>
      <FSAuditedBasisGrp>
        <SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd>X</SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd>
      </FSAuditedBasisGrp>
      <AuditCommitteeInd>false</AuditCommitteeInd>
      <FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd>true</FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd>
      <FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd>true</FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd>
    </IRS990>
    <IRS990ScheduleA documentId="IRS990ScheduleA" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <PublicOrganization170Ind>X</PublicOrganization170Ind>
      <GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>2219746</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>2561968</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>2358554</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>3321692</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>2458906</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>12920866</TotalAmt>
      </GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp>
      <TaxRevLeviedOrgnztnlBnft170Grp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </TaxRevLeviedOrgnztnlBnft170Grp>
      <GovtFurnSrvcFcltsVl170Grp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </GovtFurnSrvcFcltsVl170Grp>
      <TotalCalendarYear170Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>2219746</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>2561968</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>2358554</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>3321692</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>2458906</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>12920866</TotalAmt>
      </TotalCalendarYear170Grp>
      <SubstantialContributorsTotAmt>3633343</SubstantialContributorsTotAmt>
      <PublicSupportTotal170Amt>9287523</PublicSupportTotal170Amt>
      <GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>3999</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>5952</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>1966</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>601</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>1942</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>14460</TotalAmt>
      </GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp>
      <UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp>
      <OtherIncome170Grp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </OtherIncome170Grp>
      <TotalSupportAmt>12935326</TotalSupportAmt>
      <GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt>577831</GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt>
      <PublicSupportCY170Pct>0.71800</PublicSupportCY170Pct>
      <PublicSupportPY170Pct>0.69850</PublicSupportPY170Pct>
      <ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind>X</ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind>
    </IRS990ScheduleA>
    <IRS990ScheduleB documentId="IRS990ScheduleB" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <ContributorInformationGrp>
        <ContributorNum>RESTRICTED</ContributorNum>
        <ContributorBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>RESTRICTED</BusinessNameLine1>
        </ContributorBusinessName>
        <ContributorUSAddress>
          <AddressLine1>RESTRICTED</AddressLine1>
          <AddressLine2>RESTRICTED</AddressLine2>
          <City>RESTRICTED</City>
          <State>RESTRICTED</State>
          <ZIPCode>RESTRICTED</ZIPCode>
        </ContributorUSAddress>
        <TotalContributionsAmt>RESTRICTED</TotalContributionsAmt>
      </ContributorInformationGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleB>
    <IRS990ScheduleD documentId="IRS990ScheduleD" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <BuildingsGrp>
        <OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>498289</OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt>
        <DepreciationAmt>93428</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>404861</BookValueAmt>
      </BuildingsGrp>
      <TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>404861</TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>
      <OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
        <Desc>Accrued paid time off</Desc>
        <Amt>39190</Amt>
      </OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
      <OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
        <Desc>Credit cards payable</Desc>
        <Amt>18466</Amt>
      </OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp>
      <TotalLiabilityAmt>57656</TotalLiabilityAmt>
      <TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>2599465</TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>
      <RevenueSubtotalAmt>2599465</RevenueSubtotalAmt>
      <TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt>2599465</TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt>
      <TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>2872944</TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>
      <ExpensesSubtotalAmt>2872944</ExpensesSubtotalAmt>
      <TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>2872944</TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="IRS990ScheduleI" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>true</GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Missoula County</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>200 W Broadway St</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Missoula</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>MT</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>59802</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>816001397</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>25000</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Wildfire Resilience Projects</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Woodside Fire Protection Dist</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>808 Portola Road C</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Portola Valley</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>CA</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>94028</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>946001530</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>25000</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Wildfire Resilience Projects</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>2</Total501c3OrgCnt>
      <TotalOtherOrgCnt>0</TotalOtherOrgCnt>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Grantmaker's Description of How Grants are Used</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Headwaters Economics staff conduct monthly check-ins with grant recipients to monitor project progress. At the end of the grant period, grant recipients are required to submit a written report and financial accounting of how the funds were spent.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="IRS990ScheduleJ" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <CompensationSurveyInd>X</CompensationSurveyInd>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>X</BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>
      <SeverancePaymentInd>false</SeverancePaymentInd>
      <SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>false</SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>
      <EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>false</EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>false</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>false</CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>false</CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>false</CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>
      <AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>false</AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>
      <InitialContractExceptionInd>false</InitialContractExceptionInd>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Patricia Hernandez</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Executive Dir.</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>162161</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>4865</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>167026</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleM documentId="IRS990ScheduleM" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <IntellectualPropertyGrp>
        <NonCashCheckboxInd>X</NonCashCheckboxInd>
        <ContributionCnt>25</ContributionCnt>
        <NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>378343</NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>Retail value</MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>
      </IntellectualPropertyGrp>
      <AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>false</AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>
      <ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd>false</ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd>
      <ThirdPartiesUsedInd>false</ThirdPartiesUsedInd>
    </IRS990ScheduleM>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="IRS990ScheduleO" softwareId="22015553" softwareVersionNum="2022v5.0">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Each member of the Board reviewed the Form 990 before it was filed with the IRS.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Each director, principal officer and member of a committee with Board delegated power is required annually to sign a statement which affirms that the person (A) has received a copy of the conflict of interest policy, (B) has read and understands the policy, (C) has agreed to comply with the policy, and (D) understands that Headwaters Economics, Inc. is a charitable tax-exempt organization and to maintain its federal tax-exempt status must engage in activities which accomplish one or more of its tax-exempt purposes.Each staff member, volunteer (other than casual volunteers who perform no regular services), and contractor is required to sign an acknowledgement of the conflict of interest and ethics policy.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Executive Director annually reviews the performance and compensation of each employee of the organization, other than herself. The Board reviews the performance and compensation of the Executive Director on an annual basis. The Executive Director and the Board review published salary surveys and compare employees' current wages with comparable positions in other professions to determine reasonableness.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 18</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available for inspection at its office upon approval by the Board.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>No other documents available to the public.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Statement Note 1</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Headwaters Economics 2022 Form 990 AccomplishmentsHeadwaters Economics staff delivered more than 40 public talks, briefings, and presentations to the public, elected officials, agencies, and others, reaching audiences of more than 2,800 throughout the year. Six newsletters were published in 2022 and Headwaters research and experts were featured in more than 700 media stories. In addition, Headwaters Economics produced original research, data visualizations, videos, and reports on topics related to its core mission.EquityDisadvantaged populations are more likely to experience adverse social, health, and economic outcomes due to race, age, gender, poverty status, and other socioeconomic measures. In addition, understanding the impacts of climate change is important to reducing vulnerabilities and building resilient communities and economies. Projects in 2022 included:A rural capacity mapa first-of-its-kind interactive map to identify communities where investments in staffing and expertise are needed to support infrastructure and resilience projects.An analysis of the U.S. Census Bureaus 2020 American Community Survey that reveals a decrease in accuracy for equity-related measures. The addition of state-level data to the Neighborhoods at Risk tool to help communities and states identify neighborhoods that may experience disproportionate impacts of climate change.The addition of tribal areas to the Wildfire Risk to Communities tool (in partnership with the U.S. Forest Service and Pyrologix) to help tribes prepare for and recover from wildfire. Outdoor Recreation &amp; Public LandsPublic lands and access to trails and outdoor recreation are important to local economies, attracting businesses and drawing in new residents and visitors. Our research analyzes the scope and scale of the outdoor recreation economy and how communities can benefit from trails and protected lands. Projects in 2022 included:Report analyzing the economic potential of the coast-to-coast Great American Rail-Trail that could generate more than $229 million in visitor spending annually.Data visualization with the latest data about visitation to and economic impacts of national parks.Hosted and upgraded user interfaces for three free, web-based tools for federal land management agencies, including the U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service Socioeconomic Profile Tool, the Bureau of Land Management Socioeconomic Profile Tool, and the U.S. Forest Service Socioeconomic Profile Tool. These tools are designed to help government agency land managers, economists, planners, citizens, and others explore socioeconomic conditions near federal land management units.Natural HazardsWildfires, floods, and other climate-related disasters are becoming more extensive and costly as the climate changes. Our research helps communities understand where people may be vulnerable and how to reduce risk. Projects in 2022 included:Technical assistance to communities to help improve land use planning strategies to reduce wildfire risk and flood risk. Creation of Firetopia, an interactive website featuring land use planning tools and case studies to reduce wildfire risk.Analysis of the prevalence of wood roofs in wildfire-prone areas and the $6 billion cost of replacing them.In light of rising wildfire risks, a report about the construction costs of building wildfire-resistant homes in northern and southern California.Report and data visualization demonstrating that mobile home residents face a higher flood risk and lack legal protections.Report explaining how green infrastructure can provide long-term, cost-effective solutions to flooding and help communities adapt to climate change.Report showing that capacity-limited states struggle to access FEMA BRIC grants, which were primarily awarded to coastal states and wealthier counties in 2020.Economic DevelopmentAs the economy changes, understanding major drivers of change is critical to making sound decisions about how to improve economic performance. Projects in 2022 included:Hosted and updated the online Economic Profile System (EPS) with the latest statistics from more than a dozen federal data sources. This free online tool produces customized socioeconomic reports for communities, counties, tribal areas, states, and regions.Tax PolicyTax policies create incentives and disincentives that affect how communities experience a changing economy. Our research helps local leaders and state and federal policymakers understand their long-term impacts. Projects in 2022 included:Report about local revenue required to build and maintain infrastructure over the long term, and strategies to equitably increase that revenue.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>
